Mabuku atatu abwino kwambiri a Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Lero timabweretsa wolemba wapadera ngati Alexander Solzhenitsyn amene, kuti tiyese kumuyika m'magulu, tiyenera kuganiza za wosakanizidwa pakati pa dystopian-political perfectionism. George Orwell; Zomwe zilipo pakadali zochepa m'nkhaniyi koma ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri Chekhov; ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa mikhalidwe yake yomvetsa chisoni, kumbali ina, sikunapeŵedwe konse malinga ndi malingaliro ake osapeŵeka.

Chifukwa Aleksandr wokalamba wabwino (ndibwino kuti asafotokozere kutchula dzina lake molondola), ndi mawonekedwe ake ku Isake Asimov, nthawi zonse ankagwirizana ndi masomphenya ake a dziko lapansi. Momwemonso pamene adapita kutsogolo kuti ateteze Russia ku chipani cha Nazi, ndipo pambuyo pake pamene adayesa kumuletsa kuti afotokoze mbali za zikhalidwe zina zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi malingaliro a Soviet.

Umu ndi momwe adathera ku gulag ndipo umu ndi momwe omwe adamutumiza kumeneko adathandizira kuti masautso a m'ndende zotsekera ndi kuzunzika adziwike padziko lonse lapansi pamene Aleksandr adayika nkhanza za ulamuliro wa chikomyunizimu ku Russia mu zakuda ndi zoyera. .

Bukuli, mbiri yake, umboni wake komanso mbiri yake zimamupatsa Aleksandr mgwirizano wosagwedezeka wamunthu, mwina chofunikira kwambiri pantchito yake kuti afikire Nobel Prize mu Literature 1970.

Mabuku Otchuka 3 Olembedwa ndi Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Zilumba za Gulag

Kuwerengera za nkhanza zomwe boma la Soviet linachita kwa zaka zoposa 30 ndizokwanira mabuku ambiri. Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1930 mpaka 1960 chisanafike, aliyense amene sankagwirizana nazo maganizo, sankasangalala, kapena amene ankangosankhidwa kumene, ankatha kupita ku ndende ina ya ku Gulag, limodzi ndi zigawenga za mikwingwirima yonse. Koma mu 1958, patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene anathawa wamoyo, anadzipereka kwambiri polemba zimene anaona komanso zimene anakumana nazo m’ndende yoopsa kwambiri. Ndipo palibe chomwe chinatsala m'mapaipi.

Mu chikalata chachikulu ichi, solzhenitsyn, amene anatsekeredwa mu umodzi wa ndende zimenezo, movutikira reconstructs moyo mkati makampani ndende mu nthawi ya Soviet Union, ndipo dissection wake umakhala ulendo mantha, ululu, kuzizira, njala ndi imfa, ndi zimene ulamuliro wopondereza analetsa kusagwirizana kulikonse. Ma voliyumu atatu akutchulidwa pansipa. Masamba opitilira 2.000 okwana kuwonetsa kudziko lapansi kuzunzika kwa mibadwo ndi mibadwo ya anthu aku Russia omwe akuzunzidwa kwambiri. Mwina sanawonekere kwa owunikira komanso akatswiri a Nazism, koma ngati ankhanza.

Tsiku limodzi m'moyo wa Ivan Denisovich

Kuphatikiza pa kuthana ndi vuto la Gulag malinga ndi momwe zinachitikira, gawo lamalingaliro lazomwe nthawi ya moyo kumoto wozizira kumatanthauza, zimawonetsedwa munkhani yamtunduwu yodzazidwa ndi zenizeni, zomveka.

Kutengera mwayi pakuwona kwaufulu kwa bukuli, komwe kumatilola kuti tifufuze mozama kwambiri za omwe adakumana ndi tsokali, wolembayo akutiuza za Iván Denisovih yemwe akukumana ndi masiku ake omaliza. Kugwira ntchito mokakamiza ku gulag kumapeza ku Ivan mtengo wa umunthu wovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chilichonse m'mbuyomu ndi nthawi yotayika, idangokhala ndi moyo.

Ndipo muzochitika zabwino kwambiri monga za Ivan, m'zaka zapakati pa msinkhu wokwanira kukhala ndi moyo ..., ndikuganiza kuti moyo wanu wabedwa kugehena. Choyipa kwambiri kwa Ivan ndi kupepuka kwa chigamulo chake, kulakwitsa komwe kumamuphatikiza ndi wachiwembu, wothawa, kazitape pamene adachita chimodzimodzi, kuthawa chipani cha Nazi kuti abwerere ku gulu lake lokondedwa la Russia.

Palibe wina wabwino kuposa Ivan, yemwe anali ndi malingaliro osimidwa a mphambano yofunikira pakati pa zomwe zinali ndi zomwe zatsalira, kuti amvetsetse chisangalalo cha ndende za Soviet zomwe zidatsimikiza kuwononga ndi kufooketsa chidziwitso cha aliyense wodutsa pamenepo. Tinangofikira kwa Ivan tsiku lina. Zokwanira kulingalira, mwinamwake m’njira yolondola kwambiri, mmene zimenezo zingakhalire m’kutuluka kwadzuŵa kosalekeza padzuŵa lozizira kwambiri limene silinawanike konse kuunikira maiko amenewo.

Bwalo loyamba

M'bukuli Aleksandr amakhala John ndi Carre. Pokhapokha pa nkhani ya wolemba Russian, podziwa mbiri yake ngati wotsutsa weniweni wa USSR, nkhaniyi imatenga mbali ina. Ndipotu, pamapeto pake timabwerera ku chilengedwe cha gulag ndi dongosolo lake la infernal la ndende zomwe zinadyera masuku pamutu munthu aliyense wodutsa kumeneko. The Gulag ndikuti, mabwalo a gehena a Dante, motsogozedwa ndi Virgil yemwe amalankhula zachipongwe cha Soviet, ngati kuti zonse zinali zabwino kwambiri, dziko lakwawo lomwe limatha kutaya moyo kapena malingaliro aliwonse owopseza.

Koma nthawi yomweyo bukuli ndichinthu chinanso, ndi buku lofunafuna kwambiri khosi lakuya, mawu omwe amachenjeza United States za ntchito za atomiki zaku Soviet Union. Ndipo mphamvu ya atomiki inali munthawi ya nkhondo yozizira, komanso mpikisano wamlengalenga, zovuta zazikulu ziwiri, nkhondo zopanda tanthauzo za chimodzi ndi chimzake, ngati masewera a macabre.

Mawuwa achokera ku Unduna wa Zakunja waku Russia womwewo. Pokhapokha kuti palibe aliyense wa KGB amene amatha kupeza wotumiza uthengawo, wolembedwa momveka bwino, monga zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi utsogoleri wa Soviet. kwa asayansi, otsekeredwa m'menemo chifukwa cha kuwopseza kwawo ...