Magwero a mabuku amachokera pa mtundu wanyimbo. Mabuku amene tsopano akuzindikiridwa monga mabuku aakulu koposa a m’chilengedwe chonse amatifikitsa paulendo wopita ku zoopsa chikwi chimodzi ndi kutulukira zinthu zosayembekezereka. Kuchokera ku Ulysses kupita ku Dante kapena The Quixote. Ndipo komabe, lero mtundu wa ulendowu ukuwoneka ngati watsitsidwa ku nkhani zazing'ono. Zododometsa zomwe zimatsagana ndi kusinthika kwa chikhalidwe chathu.
Mwina n’chifukwa chakuti watsala pang’ono kulowa m’dziko lino lojambulidwa kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Ndipo chifukwa chake mabuku amatembenukira ku zosangalatsa zokongoletsa, kutengera mbiri yakale kapena mitundu ina yamaulendo oyambira omwe amatha kuyambira pamasewera osangalatsa mpaka achikondi.
Mwamwayi, ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wamtunduwu sugwiritsa ntchito chidwi chowerenga, tikupitilizabe kupeza mu zopeka za sayansi kapena olemba ngati Matilde Asensi, Vazquez Figueroa kapena osatopa Perez-Reverte, masamba atsopano momwe mungapezere chidwi chaulendo chomwe chaperekedwa kumwayi chomwe chikuwonetsa kutulukira kwa golide watsopano. Malo atsopano oti apezenso chosowa chimenecho, chikhumbo champhamvu cha munthu kuti ayang'ane zam'tsogolo ngati zosatheka monga momwe zilili zokondweretsa cholinga chawo chofikira.
Koma, ngakhale cholinga choyamikirika cha ofotokoza zaulendo watsopano, mtunduwo umapeza malo osangalatsa kwambiri mwa olemba omwe amakhala m'dziko lomwelo pakati pa mithunzi ndi nyali zatsopano zazaka za XNUMXth ndi XNUMXth. M'menemo tiwona kusankha kumeneku.
Ma Novel Apamwamba Atatu Omwe Akulimbikitsidwa
Robinson Crusoe, wolemba daniel defoe
Ulendo uliwonse umalozera ku gawo lopitilira muyeso pomwe ukuchitidwa ndi protagonist yemwe ali yekhayekha. Ndi chilolezo cha ngwazi zakale kapena olimba mtima a Don Quixote, wochita bwino kwambiri m'mabuku amakono, ndi Robinson Crusoe. Kumva kusakhazikika kwa anthu otayidwa omwe amawona usiku wa nyenyezi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutali ndi chirichonse mu ufumu wake watsopano pachilumba chakutali ... Mosiyana pakati pa agoraphobic ndi malo osatha omwe amawoneka, kumverera kwa ulendo wovuta kwambiri komanso wofunikira kuti ukhale ndi moyo umadzutsidwa.
Zochitika za Robinson Crusoe zimayamba tsiku lina pamene, osamvera chifuniro cha abambo ake, omwe akufuna kuti aphunzire zamalamulo, mnyamatayo akuganiza zopita ndi bwenzi lake paulendo wapanyanja. Ulendo woyamba uwu umadzutsa ku Robinson chikhumbo chowona dziko lapansi, ndipo akuyamba maulendo osiyanasiyana. Mu imodzi mwa izo, sitima imene iye akuyenda inamira, ndipo Robinson ndi yekhayo amene anapulumuka. Atatayika pachilumba chachipululu, ayenera kupulumuka zofunika kwambiri pamoyo ndipo, koposa zonse, ayenera kupulumuka kusungulumwa. Robinson Crusoe Ndi buku lachikale la zokopa alendo.
Maulendo a Gulliver
Nkhani yosaiwalika yodzutsa kukoma kwaulendo ngati ulendo wosangalatsa womwe mumapeza maiko atsopano. Mu hyperbole ya zilembo zake zing'onozing'ono kapena zimphona zake timaphunzira kuona zatsopano ndi masomphenya ofunikira a kupeza. Nkhani yabwino kwambiri yowerenga pawiri yosatsutsika. Zabwino kwa ana ndi zowutsa mudyo kwa akulu omwe ali ndi fanizo la chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti titha kupha.
Lofalitsidwa mu 1726 monga nkhani ya Captain Gulliver, idawerengedwa mu nthawi yake ngati diatribe yowopsya yotsutsana ndi miyambo ya nthawi yake, ndipo pambuyo pake idawerengedwa padziko lonse lapansi ngati kutsutsa koopsa kwa munthu, kuti athetse. kukhala m'modzi mwa akale kwambiri osatsutsika m'mabuku a ana. Palibe kukayika kuti maulendo ochititsa chidwi a Gulliver ndi njira yolankhulirana mosalunjika za zolakwika zazikulu komanso zofala kwambiri mdera lathu, komanso kuti ndikutsatizana kosangalatsa kwa zochitika zodzaza ndi kulimba komanso kulimba mtima kofotokozera komwe kwasangalatsa mibadwo yambiri ya anthu. owerenga achinyamata.
Buku lodziwika bwino lachipongwe ili ndi nkhani yapaulendo komanso malingaliro anzeru azamalamulo a madera amakono. Kukumana kwa ngalawa yosweka Lemuel Gulliver ndi a Lilliputians ang'onoang'ono, zimphona za Brobdingnag, filosofi ya Houyhnhnms ndi Yahoos wankhanza zipangitsa kuti protagonist, monga wowerenga, atsegule maso ake ku umunthu wakuda komanso wowona.
Kuchokera Padziko Lapansi Kufikira Mwezi, lolembedwa ndi Jules Verne
Kwa mnyamata yemwe ankafuna kukhala wamlengalenga akamakula, bukuli linali lotulukira koyambirira kwa zomwe ndingapeze nditakula pa satellite yathu, bellicose Selenites anaphatikizapo. Ulendowu ukananditengera maola 97, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa Verne. Choncho ndinafunika kukonzekera bwino kuti ndipirire masiku anayiwo mu kapisozi wa mlengalenga. Ndi gawo lake la zopeka za sayansi komanso kusinthasintha kwanthawi zonse kwa katswiri wanzeru Jules Verne, bukuli ndi lopatsa chidwi.
Tili mu 1865. Pa Disembala loyamba, mphindi khumi ndi chimodzi mpaka mphindi khumi ndi zitatu, osati sekondi imodzi isanachitike kapena itatha, projectile yayikuluyi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ... mwezi.. Ndi ntchito yodabwitsa yomwe yadzutsa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi. Koma si ntchito yophweka kuti zonse zikhale zitakonzeka pofika tsikulo ... Komabe, ngati izi sizinakwaniritsidwe, tidzayenera kudikirira zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi masiku khumi ndi limodzi kuti Mwezi ukhale wofanana ndi dziko lapansi. Jules Verne amatenga owerenga momveka bwino pokonzekera ulendo wosangalatsawu.
