Kulankhula za olemba abwino kwambiri achingerezi, a Welsh abwino kwambiri, ma Scots abwino kwambiri komanso abwino kwambiri ochokera ku Northern Ireland kungaphatikizepo zolemba 4 zodziyimira pawokha zomwe, kukhala ndi United Kingdom, zitha kukhala zosavuta, kupitilira mikangano yomwe ingatheke pakati pa mayiko omwe amapanga ufumuwo. .
Chifukwa kuposa mosasamala kanthu za chimodzi kapena chimzake, maumboni a chikhalidwe amawonekera kwambiri kuzilumba zapafupi kumene kuyanjana kumachulukirachulukira ndipo maubwenzi a anthu ndi anthu akuyandikira kwambiri. Osatchula, ndithudi, malo, nyengo ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kulenga kwa wolemba aliyense.
Kuchokera ku England, Scotland, Wales kapena Northern Ireland, nthenga zazikulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zabwera ndipo zikupitiriza kubwera kwa ife. Kupanga mu nkhungu za North Seas. Kudzoza komwe kudadzutsa mtundu wa apolisi motero koma kumawonekeranso mumayendedwe ena ambiri ...
Olemba 10 Apamwamba Ovomerezeka aku Britain
Agatha Christie
Pali malingaliro abwino omwe amatha kufunsa ziwonetsero zikwi chimodzi ndi chimodzi ndi chinsinsi chawo chofananira popanda kutaya mtima kapena kutopa. Ndizosatsutsika kuloza ku Agatha Christie monga mfumukazi ya mtundu wofufuza, yomwe idzabwera pambuyo pake mabuku akuda, zosangalatsa ndi zina. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono zomwe zinganene za wolemba uyu kupatula malingaliro amphamvu a kuwerenga kwake.
Iye yekha, ndipo popanda thandizo lalikulu la zonse zomwe zikuyenda lero pa netiweki, zomangidwa kuzungulira 100 mabuku ndi zinsinsi zambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku otchulidwa ngati Miss Marple kapena Hercule Poirot wosayerekezeka. Mabuku apolisi omwe amakonda chinsinsi komanso zovuta. Nkhani zinkachitika apa ndi apo, chifukwa cha chidziwitso chake cha madera ambiri a dziko kudzera mu maulendo ake.
Arthur Conan Doyle
Nthawi zina wolemba wolemba amaposa wolemba wake. Zimachitika nthawi zochepa, pomwe malingaliro ambiri amatengera khalidweli ngati chinthu chofunikira, ngakhale ali ngwazi kapena wotsutsa-ngwazi. Ndipo izi ndizodziwika bwino pankhani ya Arthur Conan Doyle ndi Sherlock Holmes. Ndikutsimikiza kuti wonyoza wolembawo amazindikira zabwino za a Holmes osakumbukira omwe adamupanga. Ndi matsenga olemba, kusakhoza kufa kwa ntchito ...
Chinthu china chodabwitsa cha Arthur Conan Doyle ndi dokotala wake weniweni. Pankhani ya Spain, olemba ena monga Pio Baroja adalemba m'mabuku ngati madokotala, fanizo lakukumana kwamakalata ndi sayansi. Koma chinthu chodabwitsadi ndichakuti nkhani ya olemba zamankhwala siimodzimodzi, chifukwa Chekhov mmwamba Michael Crichton, madokotala ambiri afika polumphira ku mabuku monga njira ina yoyang'ana zofuna ndi nkhawa. Pansipa muli ndi paketi yosangalatsa yamakope aposachedwa…
Poganizira za Conan Doyle, chowonadi ndichakuti Sherlock Holmes ndi dokotala yemwe amasokoneza zenizeni pofunafuna kuti mlanduwu uthe, monga chiyambi cha CSI cha m'ma XNUMX. Sherlock Holmes adagwidwa ndi owerenga nthawi yake (ndipo mwinanso akupitilizabe kutero lero) chifukwa cholumikizana pakati pa mithunzi ya esoteric ndi magetsi amalingaliro, ngati chidziwitso chenicheni cha dziko lomwe likubwera pakadali pano komanso sayansi koma komabe imasungabe kulumikizana ndi obscurantism yam'mbuyomu yamunthu.
Pakulingana pakati pa chabwino ndi choyipa, munthawi yolumikizana pakati pa zenizeni ndi zongoyerekeza, Arthur Conan Doyle Amadziwa momwe angapangire munthu yemwe angakhale ndi moyo nthawi zonse, kufikira lero ngati m'modzi mwa anthu omwe amakumbukiridwa komanso kubereka m'mbiri yapadziko lonse. Poyamba, Watson wokondedwa ...
Jane Austen
Kuti timudziwe bwino Jane Austen, palibe chabwino kuposa kuphatikizika kwamakalata ake. Zolakwitsa zina zomwe zimawonetsa kulimbana kwake ndikulimba mtima kwake, ngakhale kupitirira zolemba zake:
Ndipo tikuganizira kale za moyo ndi ntchito ya Jane AustenOsati mwa kukonzanso nkhani zina zimangodzaza umboni. Chifukwa kukhala mkazi komanso wolemba ndichizolowezi masiku ano, pamlingo woti zingawoneke ngati zopanda nzeru kuganiza mwanjira ina. Koma kumbuyo pakati pa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi cha khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kuthekera kwa amayi kulemba mabuku kumawoneka ngati kotsalira pazongopeka kapena mtundu wina wankhani yopanda tanthauzo ya pinki. Ngakhale zikuwonekeratu kuti amayi ambiri adalemba ...
Nkhani ya Jane Austen inali gawo linanso losokoneza dziwe lamwamuna ngakhale panali kusokonezedwa konse kwanzeru. Mwinamwake sizinali choncho kwenikweni mu zaka zake za moyo ndipo mwina sichinali chifukwa cha kusweka kwadzidzidzi kwa mawonekedwe ndi nkhani, koma zinali pakuzindikira komwe kunachitika pambuyo pake ndipo mawonekedwe ake osatsutsika adakhazikika mikhalidwe yosafanana.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi mabanja, kupeza ndalama zambiri komanso kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri, Jane adatha kulemba nkhani komanso mabuku osiyanasiyana. Ndipo kotero Jane adatha kusiya chitsanzo chabwino cha kuthekera kwake kulowa mu kutchfuneralmo pafupifupi wamatsenga, wokhalapo nthawi zina, wovuta nthawi zonse komanso wopitilira muyeso pakuwulula cholinga chokhazikitsidwa, chokhazikika, chofunikira pakachitidwe ka mfundo.
Ndipo ngakhale izi, ngakhale Jane anali ndi cholinga chodziwitsa anthu, adapitiliza ndi ntchito yake popanda choletsa chilichonse kuchokera ku dongosolo lakalelo lomwe likadatha kuzindikira chikhumbo chodzutsa chikumbumtima. Chiyambi cha chikondi, chomwe chidayenera kumveka ngati cholinga cha mayi amene adalemba, chingasangalatse anzeru apanthawiyo, otsimikiza kuti akuwerenga mabuku achikondi ...
Ken Follett
kupitirira chimodzi Mizati ya Earth Trilogy zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti adziwike padziko lonse lapansi, kuzama mu zolembalemba za Ken Follett Zimaphatikizira kupeza wolemba wambiri, wokhoza kuwoloka mitundu yofanana ndi solvency yomweyo. Nthawi zonse ndimatha kugwira owerenga ndi ziwembu zazikulu mwaluso kudzera mwa otchulidwa bwino. Zonsezi ndikudziwa bwino za mutu womwe amatidziwitsa.
Follett mwiniwake anali atawafotokozera kale poyankhulana. Zithunzi, zikwangwani ndi zolozera musanayambe kulemba komanso nthawi yolemba yokha. Sikuti zikuwoneka ngati njira yabwino kwambiri kwa ine, koma chowonadi ndichakuti Follett wakonzekera bwino bwino kuti asadzalephere. Mosakayikira simudzakhala ndi mabuku osamalizidwa obisika mudeki yanu. Mtundu wamachitidwe azinthu zomangidwa mosalephera. Kaduka kabwinobwino komwe kamandigwira ngati wolemba wokhumudwitsidwa chifukwa amatha kumamatira ku china chake mwadongosolo nthawi yomweyo kuti otchulidwa ake amawoneka ngati achilengedwe, enieni, omveka pakati pakusintha kwawo komwe adasanthula mwatsatanetsatane. ..
George Orwell
Zopeka zandale, m'malingaliro mwanga, zidafika pachimake ndi munthu wowoneka moyipa koma wotsimikiza. Wolemba yemwe anabisala kuseri kwa pseudonym wa George Orwell kutisiyira ntchito za anthological ndizotsutsa kwakukulu pazandale komanso zachikhalidwe. Ndipo inde, monga mukumvera, George Orwell ndi dzina chabe losayina mabuku. Makhalidwewo amatchedwanso Eric Arthur Blair, zomwe sizimakumbukiridwa nthawi zonse pakati pa zomwe wolemba uyu adakhala zaka zovuta kwambiri ku Europe, theka loyambirira la zaka makumi awiri zapitazo ladzala ndi magazi.
Nayi voliyumu yathunthu yokhala ndi zabwino kwambiri za George Orwell…
Kuyambira pa zopeka zasayansi mpaka zopeka, mtundu uliwonse kapena kalembedwe kakhoza kukhala koyenera kupereka lingaliro lotsutsa pazandale, mphamvu, nkhondo. Nkhani ya Orwell ikuwoneka ngati yowonjezera yowonjezera malo ake ochezera. George wokalamba wokalamba kapena Eric, zilizonse zomwe mungafune kumutcha tsopano, zitha kukhala mutu wopitilira muyeso pazandale zilizonse zomwe zimayimira pakati pa nsidze, kuchokera kuboma lakunja la dziko lawo komanso kutha kwachikoloni kwawo mpaka mphamvu zachuma. Za momwe anthu azithandizira, komanso osayiwala zokonda zapakati pa Europe.
Chifukwa chake kuwerenga Orwell sikukusiyani opanda chidwi. Kudzudzula momveka bwino kapena kopanda tanthauzo kumalimbikitsa kusinkhasinkha pa kusinthika kwathu monga chitukuko. Amagawananso ulemu uwu wotsutsa ndale huxley Como Bradbury. Mizati itatu yofunikira pakuwona dziko lapansi ngati dystopia, tsoka la chitukuko chathu.
Zamgululi
Kuwona zolemba monga ntchito yolenga kumayamba Tolkien pafupifupi mtundu waumulungu. JRR Tolkien adatsiriza kukhala Mulungu wolemba mabuku pomwe malingaliro ake adatha Mmodzi mwamaganizidwe amphamvu kwambiri pamabuku apadziko lonse lapansi. Zokhudza kufika ku Olympus zopeka m'malo osimba omwe amalankhula za epic kuchokera pakupanga dziko lomwe limayambiranso kuyambira tsiku ndi tsiku. Makhalidwe apadera ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano zidasokoneza ndendende kuti ziwachititse kukhala zodalirika, zowoneka bwino komanso zomvera chisoni pakutali kwawo kochokera kudziko lino.
Monga ndikunenera, zolengedwa zakomweko ndizosangalatsa kuziganizira pazochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi zopereka zomwe zimayesa kusonkhezera malingaliro ambiri a wolemba uyu (okhala ndi mamapu nthawi zina):
Ndi olemba ochepa masiku ano omwe amatsata cholowa cha Tolkien's Creator. Olemba pakati pa omwe amadziwika Patrick Rothfuss ndi maiko ena osankhidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kutchulidwa kwakukulu ndi mbuye wa mtunduwo.
Chifukwa ukoma kwambiri wa Tolkien unali gawo lamalingaliro ake ochulukirapo komanso luso lake lotanthauzira chilankhulo. Kuphunzira chilankhulo cha wolemba kumatanthauza kufikira chilankhulo chachitsulo, malo osadziwika omwe kuphatikiza kwamawu kumafikira mgwirizano wathunthu ndi malingaliro ndi tanthauzo.
Katswiri wodziwika bwino wazilankhulo monga Tolkien, wofunitsitsa kupanga maiko atsopano, amatha kufikira malowa osungidwa ndi akatswiri omwe amatha kufalitsa ndikusuntha owerenga am'badwo uliwonse mdziko lina lomwe nthawi zonse limakhala.
Virginia Woolf
Pali olemba omwe kufika kwawo mwamphamvu kwathunthu kumawakulira, kuwachititsa khungu ndikuwala kwachinyengo. Ngakhale sizotheka kuti zolembazo zimasokoneza moyo wa wolemba. M'malo mwake ndizosiyana, iwo omwe amafufuza zakuya kwa mzimu amakhala olemba kapena ojambula kuti athe kumasula zonse, zivute zitani.
Virginia Woolf ndi m'modzi mwa olemba omwe adayang'ana mkati mwakuya kwa mzimu ... … Iyenera kuti inali ndalama yonyansa. Mpaka kutha kwake komvetsa chisoni.
Koma ngakhale kumapeto kwake panali ndakatulo, yomizidwa m'madzi a Mtsinje Ouse ngati nymph, yomwe imalola kuti iwonongedwe ndi dziko lapansi lomwe silili ...
Ndipo, m'moyo, Virginia adamuwonetsa kulimba pomwe mzimu wake udatengedwa ndi mphepo. Wolemba komanso wolemba nkhani, mkonzi komanso womenyera ufulu wa amayi, wopatulira chikondi ndi kuyesera kudziwa. Wokhazikika nthawi zonse komanso wotsata zamakono zamakono, akukonza chiwembu kuti asinthe mayendedwe ake ndikupita kunkhani yoyesera.
Charles Dickens
Carol ya Khrisimasi ndi ntchito yobwereza, yozungulira, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha Khrisimasi iliyonse. Osati kuti ndi mbambande, kapena osati luso lake m'malingaliro mwanga, koma mawonekedwe ake ngati nkhani ya Khrisimasi yokhala ndi chipambano chamakhalidwe ndipo akutumikirabe lero monga chizindikiro cha cholinga chosinthira cha nthawi yokondweretsayi ya chaka.
Koma owerenga abwino a Charles Dickens amadziwa kuti pali zambiri pazambiri za chilengedwe cha wolemba. Ndipo ndizo Dickens analibe moyo wosavuta, ndikumenyera nkhondo kuti pakhale chitukuko pakati pamagulu otukuka komanso kupatukana komwe kumachitika m'mabuku ake ambiri. Ndikusintha kwamakampani komwe kungakhalepo (Dickens adakhala pakati pa 1812 ndi 1870), zidangotsalira kuti kuphatikiza kwaumunthu kuphatikizidwe pochita izi.
kotero Nkhani ya Khrisimasi mwina inali malo ogulitsa, nkhani yonga zachibwana koma yodzaza ndi tanthauzo, yowulula za phindu la msika wamakono wa mafakitale.
Robert Louis Stevenson
M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndikudzuka kwake kwamakono muukadaulo, zasayansi ndi mafakitale, zidapereka mwayi wosayerekezeka wogonjetsa dziko lomwe likadali pano amasunga malo ena operekedwa ku obscurantism, kwa esoteric...
Ndipo mdera la chiaroscuro, mabuku adapeza malo osangalatsa kwa ofotokozera nkhani zopambana monga Jules Verne kapena kukhala nawo Robert Louis Stevenson. Pakati pa iwo ndi mzake iwo anali ndi magawo ofotokozera kwambiri mdziko lowerengera lokonda zochitika zomwe munthu wamakono amakumana nazo zosadziwika. Zomwe Verne adapanga komanso asayansi omwe amati ndi asayansi adalumikizidwa ndi zikwangwani zokongola za Stevenson, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti tifikire nthawi ino kuchokera pamawonekedwe amunthu omwe mabuku amakhala nawo nthawi zonse.
Chifukwa chathanzi lake, Stevenson adakhala munthu woyenda yemwe adadzipereka yekha ku zolembalemba zaulendo, ndikuphatikizanso kwazopeka zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti akwere pamwamba potengera mtundu waulendo.
M'zaka zake za 44, Stevenson adalemba mabuku ndi ambiri, ambiri mwa iwo omwe adakalipobe mpaka pano mukutanthauziranso chinsalu chachikulu, cha zisudzo kapena chawayilesi yakanema.
Ian McEwan
Mmodzi mwa olemba Chingerezi odziwika kwambiri masiku ano ndi Ian McEwan. Kapangidwe kake kazinthu zakale (iyenso adawonekeranso ngati wojambula kapena wolemba sewero) amatipatsa malingaliro omasuka a moyo, ndi zotsutsana zake ndi magawo ake osiyanasiyana. Nkhani zokhuza ubwana kapena chikondi, koma nthawi zambiri zokhala ndi zosokoneza zomwe zimatha kukopa owerenga m'mawonekedwe awo, pofotokoza zachilendo, pakutsimikizira kwawo zachilendo monga gawo la zomwe tili kupitilira.
Popeza Ian McEwan adasindikiza buku lake loyamba la nkhani zazifupi kumbuyo mu 1975, kukoma kwa zolembedwazo kumatsagana naye nthawi zonse, pomaliza pake akupanga laibulale yomwe ili ndi mabuku pafupifupi makumi awiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, awonjezeranso chidwi pamalingaliro amafotokozedwe a ana, ndi kuwerenga kosamveka bwino kuyambira paunyamata kapena unyamata, kapena kuti apeze malingaliro atsopano atakula, nthawi zonse amafalitsa chidwi cha umunthu.