Mabuku a Joseph Heller anabadwa ndi chisindikizo cha kukhwima kwa wolemba kale atabwerera ku chirichonse. Umu ndi momwe munthu amatulukira munkhani ya wolemba waku America uyu a kukoma kwa kuchepetsa ku zopusa, za nthabwala, za kutsutsa kosasefera. Palibe chochita ndi oyendetsa ndege ena otchuka adapereka mabuku ngati Kutulutsa Woyera Kwambiri o James salter pamapeto kwambiri kuposa masomphenya ake a mabuku monga munda wa chinthu chachikulu osati malovu pamene kumasula zowawa pamaso akuthamangira mmbuyo kukhosi.
Payenera kukhala chirichonse. Nthawi zonse pamakhala nthawi ya mtundu wina wa mabuku kapena umzake, womwe umakweza kapena wonyoza chilichonse. M'masomphenya a Heller achilendo, opunduka, pali zenizeni zankhanza zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi lingaliro la munthu yemwe sayembekezeranso yankho kapena kusintha ndikungodzipereka ku ntchito yowulula masautso. Chifukwa chinthu chimodzi sikulankhula ndi mphero ndipo china ndicho kukhala ndi mwayi kapena chikhumbo cholemba za izo ndi chikhutiro chopereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri kwa zikumbumtima zopusa.
Zili ngati mawu akale akuti "wina amayenera kuchita." M'mabuku a m'zaka za zana la 20 la America, Heller adadzipatsa yekha ntchito yoyambira kuwonetsa malo otuwa a maloto aku America, ali ndi chidaliro chakuti America ikufunika aliyense wa nzika zake kuti asunge miyeso yosayembekezeka ...
Mabuku Apamwamba Atatu Omwe Akulimbikitsidwa ndi Joseph Heller
Msampha 22
Ndipo Heller adafika ndikulemba zolemba zakale ...
Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, m’chipatala cha malo a ku America pachilumba chaching’ono cha ku Italy, woyendetsa mabomba wotchedwa Yossarian akudziyerekezera kukhala wamisala. Amafuna kupewa kutaya moyo wake zivute zitani pa ulendo wake wotsatira wa ndege ndi kubwerera kwawo. N'chifukwa chiyani aliyense akufuna kumupha kuchokera pansi? Yossarian amayesa kutsimikizira kuti ndi wopenga koma amagwera mu "catch 22": ulamuliro wankhondo wopanda nzeru komanso wopotoka womwe umanena kuti iwo omwe amati amisala kuti asapite kunkhondo ndi anzeru kwambiri. Ndipo ngati muli oganiza bwino, ndinu athanzi, kotero…Mulibe chochitira!
Yosindikizidwa koyambirira mu 1961, Trap 22 mosakayikira ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa komanso zodziwika bwino kwambiri nthawi zonse komanso mwala wapangodya wa miyambo ya ku America yolemba mabuku, yomwe yapangitsa kuti ilembedwe mndandanda wa mabuku abwino kwambiri azaka za zana la XNUMX. . Wowerenga adzamizidwa ndi zochitika zopanda pake ndi zokambirana zachinyengo zomwe zimatsindika kupusa kwa nkhondo ndi munthu. Ndipo ndikuti "ndife gehena, ndipo takhala tili ife nthawi zonse," akutero Laura Fernandez m'mawu oyamba. Ngati nditi ndifotokoze gehena, ikanakhala yodabwitsa modabwitsa. Chifukwa ndimomwe dziko liri lopusa. […] Kuti anthu awa ayese kuphunzirapo kanthu paokha. "
Chinachake chinachitika
Kumbuyo kwa kutsutsidwa kwa asidi, m'chikhumbo chonse chonyoza kapena kuchita chipongwe, nthawi zonse timapeza kukhumudwa kwa wolemba nkhaniyo pa ntchito yake pofuna kumasula zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhumudwa mobwerezabwereza mu njira zathu, zovuta ndi zolakwa .. Chipambano cha anthu ndicho cholinga choipitsitsa cha anthu amakono odzala ndi zoipa. Iyi ndi nkhani yakusokonekera.
Bob Slocum ndi munthu wosilira. Woyang'anira komanso wopambana, ali ndi mkazi wokongola ndi ana atatu, "bwenzi" ndipo, chifukwa cha udindo wake, nyumba yoyendayenda. Komabe, chinachake chachitika. Kuthekera kwa kuchotsedwa muulamuliro wake, kuopa kuti asafike pamwamba pomwe zisankho zimapangidwira, komanso chidani cha akuluakulu ake, kuphatikiza ndi kusokonekera kwa moyo wabanja lake, zimapanga kusautsika kosalekeza kwa Slocum.
Chithunzi cha wojambula wachinyamata, wakale
Sizinali zaumwini, James Joyce. Heller atha kutenga Dorian Gray ngati chofotokozera. Chinthucho chinali kupulumutsa mfundo yodutsa ntchito yomwe imatsegula za luso ndi tanthauzo lake kapena magwero ake. Portrait of the Teenage, Old Artist ndizosangalatsa komanso zopatsa chidwi m'malingaliro a wojambula yemwe amawunikira moyo wake kufunafuna gwero lachilimbikitso. Kuyang'ana kwapadera, kosunthika komanso kochititsa chidwi pazaluso, ndi mphindi zake zonse zachinyengo komanso zokhumudwitsa zowawa.
Eugene Pota, wolemba mabuku yemwe amadzikonda Wothandizira Wakhala nthano, chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe chifukwa cha buku lake loyamba, amafunafuna mtsutso wa ntchito yake yotsimikizika ataona kuti masiku ake akuyandikira. Buku loyambalo lidawonetsa ntchito yake yolemba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ntchito yake yonse idasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi otsutsa, ndipo, kupatula kupambana kwakanthawi kochepa, idawonedwa ngati yoperewera.
Pofufuza chiwembu amatembenukira kwa mkazi wake, wothandizira wake, mkonzi wake, okonda ake akale, ngakhale dokotala wake. Aliyense amamubweretsera malingaliro, koma palibe imodzi yomwe imatsimikizira, mpaka kufika pokopeka ndi kukhumudwa. Mu kulimbana kwake kosakhazikika ndi kudzoza, Pota, "alter ego" wa Wothandizira, amafufuza za "gawo lomvetsa chisoni" la miyoyo ya olemba monga Scott Fitzgerald, Henry James, Jack London ndi Joseph Conrad; chiwonongeko chimene chipambano choyambirira chinawabweretsera chimene pambuyo pake sanachipeze m’ntchito yake yonse. Mwa njira, pakati pa zochitika za moyo wake ndi zoyamba zake zolephera, amapereka msonkho kwa olemba omwe amawakonda; mwa ena, Mark Twain, Franz Kafka ndi James Joyce ndi mutu watsini. Chithunzi cha wojambula wachinyamata, wakale anali kulongosola komaliza kwa Joseph Heller.
