Mabuku atatu abwino kwambiri a Elvira Roca Barea

Kusintha kopambana kwa Elvira Rock monga wolemba adachitika mu 2016 ndi ntchito yake "Imperiophobia ndi nthano yakuda: Roma, Russia, United States ndi Spain Spain". Koma kuti akafike kumeneko, ndikumasulidwa kwakanthawi kochokera pazinthu zake zosavuta komanso zosavuta, panali ntchito zambiri zam'mbuyomu zofufuza.

Mabuku ena ambiri ndi maphunziro ofunikira kuti akhutitsidwe ndi chowonadi. Chowonadi chomwe chimaphwanyidwa mosalekeza lero, chifukwa chake, chimakhala chabwino kupulumutsidwa.

Philology ili ndi nzeru zambiri zofunika. Kuwulula kusinthika kwa chilankhulo ndiko kudziwa zowonadi zomwe sizingatheke, zomwe zimayikidwa mosavuta ndi iwo omwe amadalira zochitika zazikulu zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zidachitika.

Ndikukumbukira katswiri wina wamaphunziro waposachedwa yemwe amasangalatsidwa ndi zolembalemba, a Irene Vallejo zomwe, zomwe zimayang'ana mbali zina za chidziwitso, zimatithandizanso kukhala mu mbale zowonadi zokhudzana ndi dziko lathu lapansi, ndikuwonjezera kukopa kwanyimbo zamakedzana.

Kubwerera kuzomwe tidali, mfundo ndiyakuti ndi kupambana kopambana komwe anali nako yesani, Elvira adapitiliza kutulutsa mabuku atsopano ndikufalitsa kwakukulu atapezanso chifukwa chodziwika ngati wolemba wamkulu, wopanga chozizwitsa chaching'ono chomwe chimafikira aliyense kuchowonadi.

Mabuku atatu olimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi María Elvira Roca Barea

Imperiophobia ndi nthano yakuda: Roma, Russia, United States ndi Spain

Zowonadi zosasangalatsa kwambiri ndizomwe zimathandizira kugwetsa omanga omwe ali ndi chidwi. Bukuli ndiye chowonadi chodabwitsa, chowonekera potengera chowonadi chomwe chadzetsa izi kotero kuti chimapangitsa kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kubisa chowonadi chofiira ndi manyazi komanso manyazi.

Sikuti kugonjetsa komanso kutsata ufumu waku Spain kunali kopanda nzeru kwa asitikali aku Spain omwe amagawa maluwa. Mulimonsemo sizinali choncho. Koma sizowona kuti kufika kwa Spain ku America kudali kowopsa. Pali zolemba zambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudziwa chowonadi. Umboni monga ndikunenanso zomwezo, kusokonekeraku kunali kwathunthu ku America komanso kufalikira kwachikhalidwe komanso chidwi chosunga izi zidawonekera mpaka pano.

Kutetezera machimo ndikungoyang'ana kulakwa kapena kudandaula mwa ena. Ambiri ndi omwe amayesa kupeza mbuzi yachifumu ku Spain. Ndipo izi zidachitika, olanda mwankhanza, olusa komanso osaganizira kapena ofufuza anali maiko ena omwe adaphunzitsidwa kwambiri ndi mafumu awo akuba komanso kulamula.

María Elvira Roca Barea amalankhula mwamphamvu muvutoli funso loti athetse malingaliro aufumu, nthano yakuda komanso kupanda chidwi. Mwanjira imeneyi titha kumvetsetsa kuti maufumu ndi nthano zakuda zomwe zimalumikizidwa mofananamo, momwe zimayambira zopangidwa ndi aluntha olumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zakomweko komanso momwe maufumuwo amatengera.

Kunyada, kunyada, nsanje sizachilendo pamphamvu zachifumu. Wolembayo amalankhula za kusakondera pamilandu ya Roma, United States ndi Russia kuti athe kusanthula Ufumu wa Spain mozama kwambiri ndikuwona bwino. Wowerenga apeza momwe nkhani yapano ya Spain ndi Europe idakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro ozikidwa pamalingaliro obadwa ndi mabodza kuposa zochitika zenizeni.

Chiwonetsero choyamba cha Hispanophobia ku Italy chidalumikizidwa ndikukula kwaumunthu, zomwe zidapatsa nthano yakuda kukongola kwanzeru komwe kumakondabe. Pambuyo pake, Hispanophobia idakhala gawo lalikulu pakukonda dziko la Lutheran komanso zikhalidwe zina zomwe zidawonekera ku Netherlands ndi England.

Roca Barea amafufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kulimbikira kwa Hispanophobia, komwe, monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mwadala pobweza ngongole kwatsimikizira, ikupitilizabe kupindulitsa mayiko opitilira umodzi. Ndi malo wamba ndi onse omwe amaganiza kuti kudziwa mbiri yakale ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira zamtsogolo ndikuganizira zamtsogolo.

Kulephera

Komanso sindikuganiza kuti muyenera kudzimenya nokha. Kulephera kumatha kukhala kuphunzira kwakanthawi koyipa pagulu lililonse. Kungoti magulu ena amadzisinthiranso kuposa ena, anthu ena amadzitama kuposa ena chifukwa cholephera kwa ena. Choyipa chachikulu ndi pomwe Herculean wochita zantchito ali pantchito, akuchita nawo masochism opanda pake kwambiri.

Gawo lofunikira kwambiri mwa akatswiri anzeru kwambiri andale andale akuwona kuti Spain sikuti ili ndi mbiri yoyipa yokha yochititsa manyazi, komanso maziko ozama
(zachikhalidwe) chomwe ndi chotsika mwamakhalidwe poyerekeza ndi cha mayiko ena oyandikana nawo.

Ngati ali Imperiophobia ndi nthano yakuda María Elvira Roca Barea adalongosola kuti ndi nthano yanji yomwe inali nthano yakuda komanso momwe idayambira, cholinga chachikulu cha Fracasología ndikuwulula zifukwa zomwe mitu ya Hispanophobia idaganizidwira mdziko lathu ndikuphatikizidwa kwakanthawi.

Kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX, malingaliro monga kudzilamulira, kulephera, kusakhazikika, kusiyanasiyana adalumikizidwa ndi lingaliro la Spain ... Nkhondo za Napoleon mpaka pano. Malingaliro aku Spain awa amafalikiranso ku Latin America ndipo adzakhudzana kwambiri ndi kufooka kwa mayiko komwe kumadza chifukwa chakuwonongedwa kwa Ufumu waku Spain, komanso mkwiyo womwe udatulutsa ndikupanga.

Palibe chomwe chingapange kukonda dziko lako kwazaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi kuti athetse malingaliro olakwika okhudza Spain, ndipo mbadwo wa 98 udalimbikitsa kudzimva kuti walephera ndipo udatsogolera ku paroxysm.

Olamulira aku Spain nthawi zambiri samazindikira kuti ali ndi udindo ku Spain komanso kusadzidalira. Zofuna za centrifugal zomwe zilipo mdziko muno zimafotokoza izi, zomwe zimafooketsa Boma ndikupanga ma systoles ndi diastoles omwe amaukitsidwa mobwerezabwereza.

6 nkhani zabwino 6

Ngakhale zopeka zimakhudza kwambiri Elvira. Onse posankha otchulidwawo komanso munthawi yapakati pa yachilendo ndi yofunikira kumvetsetsa kubadwa kwa malingaliro, mantha atsopano opatsirana kapena kachilombo ka malingaliro kuti katemera ngakhale kuchokera pachilankhulo. Nkhani za 6, komanso popanda kuwononga chilichonse.

Pakubwera chipatuko cha Lutheran, mayiko aku Mediterranean-Katolika mosazindikira adayamba kunena zakukweza kwamphamvu komwe Apulotesitanti kumpoto. Mwanjira imeneyi mawu onga "ufulu", "kulolerana", "sayansi" ndi "Kusintha" amakhalabe mbali imodzi ndi inayo, monga chithunzi choyipa "kupondereza", "kusalolera", "kutengeka kwambiri" ndipo, pitani kwa Mulungu , "Kukonzanso Kwotsutsana." Kuyambira pachiyambi nkhondo yofunika kwambiri idatayika, ya chilankhulo, ndipo mwa zida zake panali kufalitsa nkhani, chida chatsopano chofunikira chomvetsetsa chitukuko chakumadzulo mzaka zapitazi za chikwi.

Nkhani zisanu ndi imodzi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pano zachokera ku dziko la Chiprotestanti munthawi ndi malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe. Wolembayo wasankha mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa mazana mwazotheka zomwe zimakhala zotsutsana ndi masomphenya omwe adakhalapo kuyambira chipwirikiti komanso momwe dziko la Mediterranean lidafotokozedwera - mpaka lero - ngati Chiwanda chakumwera. Mwa iwo tiwona anthu osadziwika ndi mayina monga Luther, Ana de Sajonia, Calvin, Felipe Guillermo de Orange-Nassau, woyamba kubadwa wa Guillermo de Orange, kapena William Shakespeare iyemwini.

Mabuku ena ovomerezeka a Elvira Roca Barea

Mfiti ndi wofunsa mafunso

Panthawiyo ndinalemba nkhani yaikulu ya Logroño Auto de Fe ya 1610. Ndinayitcha kuti «Miyoyo yamoto«. Ndipo munthu modzichepetsa nthawi zonse amayesa kubweretsa masomphenya osiyana ndi mbiri. Chifukwa n’zimene nkhani zopeka za mbiri yakale zimanena. Pankhaniyi, Elvira Roca Barea amalankhulanso masiku amenewo chisanachitike kuwotcha ku likulu la La Rioja. Ndipo mwachiwonekere ndi digiri ya masters zaka zopepuka kuchokera munkhani yanga. Mfundo ndi yakuti, nditadziloŵetsa m'mitima mwa anthu ena amasiku amenewo, ndikufika pa nkhaniyi pamapeto pake ndinakhala kukumananso kosangalatsa.

Mu 1609 anthu angapo akuimbidwa mlandu waufiti m'mudzi wa Navarrese ku Zugarramurdi. Chimene chimawoneka ngati chochitika chimodzi chokha, chosafunikira ndikupeza ma virus osazolowereka. M’mikhalidwe imeneyi, Mkulu wa Inquisitor General Bernardo de Sandoval anatumiza Alonso de Salazar y Frías ku Logroño, likulu la Ofesi Yopatulika.

Sikuti ndi ufiti chabe, diso loyipa, maulendo apaulendo ausiku kapena zochitika zakuthupi ndi Lusifara: pali omwe amavomereza kupha koyipa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo ana ngati acolytes a Big Bastard. Koma bwanji mliriwu tsopano uli ndi vuto lake m'mudzi womwe uli pafupi ndi malire a France? Kodi ufiti ndi galasi lowonetsa mikangano ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zambiri zilibe chochita ndi mdierekezi?

Ku Las brujas y el inquisidor, Elvira Roca akuwulula mbiri yakale ya Alonso de Salazar, monga aiwalika monga momwe zilili, ndipo amatitsogolera paulendo wosangalatsa kudzera mu ufiti ndi ufiti m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, pamene nkhondo zachipembedzo, mikangano yandale. ndi zochitika zina zinayambitsa kusaka kwakukulu kwa mfiti ku Ulaya. Pankhani ya Zugarramurdi, kuwonjezera apo, sitiyenera kuiwala mkangano pakati pa France ndi Spain pa ulamuliro wa Navarra. Wofunsayo Alonso de Salazar adzakumana ndi zonsezi ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri za anthu: chifukwa.