ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืจื•ืื”

ื˜ืจื•ืืœ ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืœ Javier Sierra o ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืจื•ืขื” ื”ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ืกื” ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืืจืื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”. ืขื Javier Sierra ื—ืฆื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืขื”, ื•ืขื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืกืžืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.

Suculentas tramas entre conflictos territoriales, religiosos o sociales; estrategias pre bรฉlicas y combates cuerpo a cuerpo. La violencia tambiรฉn explica nuestro pasado cuando las fronteras dependรญan de nuevos lazos de sangre, de decisiones polรญticas mรกs interesadas y de otro tipo de arbitrariedades que solo en la justicia de la espada podรญan encontrar resarcimiento. Sobre todo ello y mucho mรกs podemos encontrar en una bibliografรญa de Sebastiรกn Roa en expansiรณn creativa.

3 ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืืช ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืจื•ืื”

ื ึถืžึถื–ึดื™ืก

ืืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืชื•ื ื”. ืืชื•ื ื” ื”ืกื™ืชื” ืœืžืจื“ ื ื’ื“ ืคืจืก ื•ืขืจืžื” ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืคืงื“ื• ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ื ื™ืืก ืžืืœืื•ืกื™ืก. ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืืชื•ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืจืฃ. ืœื›ืŸ ืืžื™ื ื™ืืก ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžื•ืช.

ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” C. Artemisia of Caria ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”. ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉืœื•, ื”ืœื™ืงืจื ืกื•ืก ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื•ืžืคืงื“ ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœื•, ื”ื ืžืกื™ืก. ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืงื”: ืืฉ, ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ืžื•ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื• ืืช ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืกื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืงืœื”: ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืจืข, ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืข, ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ.

ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืฉื: ืžืœื— ืืชื•ื ืื™ ื”ืžืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืจืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžืจื•ืฉืขืช, ื”ื˜ืื•ืจื•ืก. ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืกืขืจื•ืช, ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืกืคื™ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ืืชื•ื ื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืžื‘ื•ืš ื”ืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื’ืื™, ื•ื™ื’ืœื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžืชื”. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ืœื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื.

ืจื•ืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืจืชืงืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื™ืื•ื ื™ื“ืก, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืœืก ืื• ื’ื ืจืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืจื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืื• ืคืื•ื–ื ื™ืืก, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืฉื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืขื–ื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ืช, ื ื•ื•ื˜ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืคื—ื“ ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœ- ืื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืขื ื”ืจื•ื“ื•ื˜ื•ืก, ืืจื˜ืžื™ืกื™ื” ืชืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืจื•ื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืงืจื ืกื•ืก ื•ืขืžื“ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘.

ืฆื‘ื ื”ืืœ

ืื ื• ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื˜ืจื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืืœืžื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืชืคืื•ืจื” ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืขืœื™ืœื” ื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช.

Aรฑo 1174. El imperio almohade, fortalecido tras someter todo al-รndalus, se dispone a lanzar sus inmensos ejรฉrcitos sobre los divididos reinos cristianos, a cuyos pobladores obligarรก a convertirse al islam so pena de pasarlos a cuchillo o hacerlos esclavos. Frente al fanatismo africano, el rey Alfonso de Castilla trata de lograr un equilibrio que supere las rivalidades entre cristianos y lleve a la uniรณn contra el enemigo comรบn.

En ืฆื‘ื ื”ืืœ, ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื”, ื”ืชื›ื›ื™ื, ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคืชื™ืช. ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ ืœืื•ืŸ ื•ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืกื˜ืจื• ื•ืœืืจื”, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ืชืกื•ื ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืช ืืฆื•ืœื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ืช, Urraca Lรณpez de Haro, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืžืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืคืœื ื˜ื’'ื ื˜. ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ืืกืœืื, ื™ืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืื•ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื• ื“ื” ืขื–ื” ืœื›ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื• ืขื ืื ื“ืœื•ืกื™, ืื‘ืŸ ืกื ื“ื™ื“, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืกื ืฉืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื• ืกืคื™ื”, ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื•ืœืฃ ื•ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืš ื”ืืœืžื•ื—ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘.

ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ืกืคืจื˜ื”

ืคืจื•ืžืื›ื•ืก ื•ืœืงื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื—ืจื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืืฆื•ืœื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืกืคืจื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉืคืจื•ืžืื›ื•ืก ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขืจื™ืฅ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ื—ื ืกืคืจื˜ื ื™ ืžืชื ืฉื ื—ื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื•ืœืงื”, ืคืจื•ืžืื›ื•ืก ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื—ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื” ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืกืคืจื˜ื” ืขืฆืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™. ืื• ืฉืœื. ื‘ืืชื•ื ื”, ืงื•ืžืฅ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื–ื•ืžืžื™ื ืงืฉืจ. ืืคืžื™ื ื•ื ื“ืก, ืคืœื•ืคื™ื“ืก, ืื’ืจื™ืกื˜ื”, ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ... ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืจื’ืฉ ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื”: ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืชืคืกื” ืกืคืจื˜ื”.

ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืืช ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืจื•ืื”...

ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉืžื”. ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื” ืžื•ื ืคื•ืจื˜

ื’ืกื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ืืชื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœืขืฆืžืš ืœื”ื™ืกื—ืฃ ืœืคื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืคืขื•ืจื™ ืคื”...

1206. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืจื™, ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื” ืžื•ื ืคื•ืจื˜ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื•ืจืžื ื“ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ืจื ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื ืฆื—.

ืœื”ื•ื˜ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื•, ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืคืชื” ื•ืžืฉืชื ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืื—ื“ ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื”, ืืœื™ืงืก ื“ื” ืžื•ื ืžื•ืจื ืกื™, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื•. ืžื–ืœ ืจืข, ื—ืจื˜ื”, ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจืคืช ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืืœื™ืงืก ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.

ืืžื ื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืืœื ืœื–ืจื•ื— ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื›ืคื™ืจื”. ื›ืš, ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื ืžื ื•ืจืžื ื“ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ื ืฆืจืคืช, ืœืืจืฅ ืžื•ื›ืช ื›ืื•ืก, ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืจ ื“ืชื™. ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืคื•ืฆืœืช, ื–ืจื•ืขื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ืื” ืขื“ ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ ืงืฆื™ืจ ืฉื•ืคืข ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘ ื•ืžื•ื•ืช. ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื” ืžื•ื ืคื•ืจื˜ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžืœืš ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื—.

ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื” ืžื•ื ืคื•ืจื˜, ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื™ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืคืงื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืฉืžืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืคื ืื˜ ื•ืฆืžื ื“ื.

ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉืžื”. ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื” ืžื•ื ืคื•ืจื˜
ืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ืจื’

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ Akismet ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ. ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœืš.