5 ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ื–ื• ืœื–ื•, ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื–'ืื ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ื•ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ืคืจื•ื’ื•ืžื ื” ืฉืœื•, ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื”ืจ ื’ื•ืื“ื™ืื ื” ืžืชื•ื— ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื” ื•ืฉื, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื ืกื’ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžื”ื ืื•ืชื™ื•.

ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื” (ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ ืขื ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉื ื™), ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื˜ืคื•ืจื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ืช ืื• ืžื™ื ื™ืช. ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืงื” ืขื ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืงื™ื– ื“ื” ืฉื“ื” ื ืœืงื— ืขื“ ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช, ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื™ืืก ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืคืœื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืื”, ื”ืฉืคืœื” ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืงื• ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื•ืจืจ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื, ื” ืžืจืงื™ื– ื“ื” ืฉื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืื‘ื• ืขื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืคืจื‘ื•ืœื™ืช ืื• ื—ื•ืœื ื™ืช.

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ืช ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืกืคื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• Almudena Grandes ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื˜ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืžื”ืชื ื•ืคื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–'ืื ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฆืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก...

ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืคืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืงืจื™ืื” ืขื ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื, ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืชื— ืœื›ืœ ื–'ืื ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืœืš ืœืฉื ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.

ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื”ืžืื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฆ'ื˜ืจืœื™

ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื•. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ DH ืœื•ืจื ืก ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืœื–'ืื ืจ ื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื ืœื—ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื˜ื•.

ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืงืขื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ืงื”. ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื ืกืชืจืช, ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื‘ืกืชืจ, ื›ืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืขืงื‘ ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื–ื–ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืงื•ื“ื—ืช ื›ืžื• ืจืขื‘ ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื•ืช.

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1928; ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ืก ืฆ'ื˜ืจืœื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืกืจ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื“ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1917.

ืืš ื‘ืขืœื” ื ืคืฆืข ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืชืง ืœื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืืจื™ืช ื™ืžื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ืชืง ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืืฉืชื•. ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ืก, ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืงื™ื.

ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื‘ืขืœื”, ืืš ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื“ื—ืฃ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื•ืฉื, ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ืขืจ, ื—ื•ืฉื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ: ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ืจืก, ื”ืกื™ื™ืจ ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ืฆ'ืื˜ืจืœื™, ื’ื‘ืจ ื—ื–ืง, ื—ืกืจ ืขื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืคืจื•ืข ื•ื ืœื”ื‘, ื™ื“ืื’ ืœืกืคืง ืœืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ืก ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื•.

ื”ืžืื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฆ'ื˜ืจืœื™

ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœื•

ืขื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœ Almudena Grandes ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ ืฉื ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืขื ืคื” ืฉืœื•, ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื• ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆื—.

ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ืช, ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืžืืชื’ืจืช, ื•ื’ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“, ืฉืขื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœืชืฉื•ืงื”, ืœื ืžื”ืกืก ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื˜ืื‘ื• ืื• ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืคืœื™ื. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืขื” ื‘ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื”, ืœื•ืœื•, ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื”, ืžืชืคืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื‘ืœื•, ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืกื ืกื•ื“ื™ ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื˜ื ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ืœื•ืœื•, ื™ืœื“ื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช, ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœื”, ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ื•ื›ื ื™ืขื”, ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืื‘ื“ ืžืขืจื›ื•.

ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืœื•, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื, ืžืžื”ืจืช, ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื ืืš ื‘ืงื“ื—ืชื ื•ืช, ืืœ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช.

ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœื•

ืขื“ื” ืื• ื”ืœื”ื˜

ื ื‘ื•ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื–'ืื ืจ ื”ืคืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื’ื–ืข ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ื ืื• ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื”.

ืขื“ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื–, ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ืขื ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ืงื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืขื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืคืจื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–'ืื ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™, ืจื•ืžืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™, ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืœืœ ืœืขื•ื ื’ ื•ืฆื“ืงืช ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ืืŸ ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื“ื”, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื, ืฉื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื”ื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข. ืžืžืคื’ืฉื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืื—ื•ื–ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืืจื“ื™ืก (ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ).

ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืจื’ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื•ืืŸ, ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ืžื”ืจื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื, ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืืงืกื˜ื–ื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ.

ืขื“ื” ืื• ื”ืœื”ื˜

ื”ืžืื”ื‘

ืžืื”ื‘ ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืจื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจืืก. ื™ืฉื ื ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขืœื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ ื”ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™, ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขืจืš ืกืคืจื•ืชื™. ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจ.

ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื–ื”ื• ืจื•ืžืŸ ื ืคืœื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื—ื•ื˜ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืจืžื–, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืจื›ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื•ืก ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืžืฉื—ืจืจ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื” ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืืจ, ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืœืฃ o ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื... ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืžืขื ื• ืฉื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืขืจื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืืœื˜ืจ ืื’ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืจื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืืก.

ื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืขื ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื ื’ืขื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืงืก ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืจืข (ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื).

ืื•ืœื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.

ื”ืžืื”ื‘

ื—ื•ึผื’ ื”ึทืกึทืจื˜ึธืŸ

ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื ืจื™ ืžื™ืœืจ, ืžืœื ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืœื ืœืงืจืืช ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืืœื ื›ืœืคื™ ื’ืจื•ื˜ืกืงื™ ื•ื”ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืœื”ื‘ื–ืง ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ ืื•ืจื’ื–ืžื™, ืœืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืชื‘ื•ืกื”.

ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืžืฅ ืื—ืจ ืกืงืก ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœื•. ืคืจื™ื– ื”ื•ืคื›ืช, ืชื—ืช ื”ืžื ืกืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืจื™ ืžื™ืœืจ, ืœืขื™ืจ ื ืคืœืื” ืœืœื ืขื™ืจ, ืœื›ื•ืจืชื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžื™ืœืจ ืขื•ืฆืจ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.

ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ืœืจ
4.9 / 5 - (15 ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช)

ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ "ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื"

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ Akismet ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ. ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœืš.