10 ืกืคืจื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง

ื—ืœืžืชื ืคืขื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืชืคื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ? ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื– 10 ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš. ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืœืื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื›ื ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืžืกืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืœื‘ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง!

ืืœื• ืขืฉืจื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง. 

1. "ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืกืคืจ" ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืก ืคืืกื•ืก: ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, "ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืกืคืจ" ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืขื ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืจืงืข, ื”ื ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ืžืื– ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX.

2. "Empire of Dreams: A Cultural History of New York City" ืžืืช ื’ื™ื™ืœ ืงื•ืœื™ื ืก โ€“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืžืจืชืงืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.

3. "ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื, ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" ืžืืช ื’'ื™ื™ ืžืงื™ื ืจื ื™: ืžืง'ื™ื ืจื™ ืœื•ื›ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชืคืจืขืช ื•ื”ื“ืงื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-XNUMX ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื•ืืฃ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืื•ืก ื”ืœื™ืœื™. ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžืจื’ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืงืคื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.

4"ื”ืชืคืกืŸ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ" JD Salinger: ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืŸ ืงื•ืœืคื™ืœื“ ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช. ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ. ืžืชื•ืืจ ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื“ืงื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช.

5. "ื’ื˜ืกื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ืค. ืกืงื•ื˜ ืคื™ืฆื’'ืจืœื“: ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ืจื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ ื’ื˜ืกื‘ื™ ื•ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืงื ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืขื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืื• ื›ื™ืฃ, ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืคื™ื, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.

6.ยป ืขืฅ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸยป ื‘ื˜ื™ ืกืžื™ืช': ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-XNUMX ืžืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืืš ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื”. ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืกืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืื–ื•ืจ ืฆื•ืžื— ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื.

7. "The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917" ืžืืช Timothy J. LeCroy โ€“ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื” ื”-XNUMX. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืค ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.

8. "ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื”ื›ื•ื—: ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืžื•ื–ืก ื•ื ืคื™ืœืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง" ืžืืช ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืงืืจื• โ€“ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืื’ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื ื” ืืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื ืฆื—. ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื”. ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื.

9. "ื”ืื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ืช ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”" ืžืืช ืจืืกืœ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื• โ€“ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืจืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืžื™ืœืื” ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ืกืชืจ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”.

10. "ืžื“ื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื‘ืœื™ื" ืžืืช ื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืœืฃ: ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจืžืŸ ืžืงื•ื™, ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืืคืจ ืื™ืกื˜ ืกื™ื™ื“, ื›ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื˜ืจืžืคื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื.

ืขื ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช; ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื• ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ืคื•ืกื˜ ื“ืจื’

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ Akismet ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ. ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืœืš.