Tarihin adabi yana da wasu abubuwan ban mamaki, wanda aka fi sani shine daidaituwa a cikin mutuwa (tabbas sun kasance awanni ne kawai) tsakanin marubutan duniya guda biyu: Cervantes da Shakespeare. Wannan babban daidaituwa ya zo ne don tara abin da marubucin ya raba wanda na kawo nan yau, Tolstoy tare da dan uwansa Dostoyevsky. Manyan marubutan Rasha guda biyu, kuma babu shakka daga cikin mafi kyawun adabi na duniya, su ma sun kasance na zamani.
Wani nau'i na kwatsam, daidaitawar sihiri, ya haifar da wannan bambance-bambance a cikin ayoyin labarin.. A bayyane yake ... idan muka tambayi kowa da sunan marubutan Rasha guda biyu, za su faɗi wannan jigon haruffa.
Kamar yadda za a iya annabta, na zamani ya ɗauki kamanceceniya. Tolstoy kuma abin tashin hankali, mai kisan kai kuma a lokaci guda ya tayar da hankali game da al'ummar Rasha wanda har yanzu yana da tsauri ... Haƙiƙa a matsayin farkon sani da son canzawa. Pessimism azaman wahayi ne ga masanin tarihin rayuwa kuma yana da ƙima sosai a cikin ɗan adam.
3 litattafan da aka ba da shawarar Leo Tolstoy
Anna Karenina
Abin mamaki ga abin da ake nufi don nuna rashin amincewa da ladabi na wannan lokacin. Wataƙila akidar game da abin da yake ko ba ɗabi'a ba, game da abin da mika wuya ga matalauta ko aiwatar da wasu 'yanci ya sami damar canza abubuwa da yawa, amma fa'idar ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a ta azuzuwan elitist ta ci gaba da aiki, haka kuma rashin daidaiton ƙauyen. Kodayake, abin da ya fi zuwa shine tarin ji, ji da sabani na Anna da kanta, halin duniya.
Taƙaice: Ko da yake daga bayyanarsa an yi maraba da shi a matsayin martani game da motsi na ɗabi'ar Faransa, Tolstoy ya bi ta Anna Karenina hanyoyin dabi'a har sai an zarce su, ba tare da la'akari da shi ƙarshenta ba.
An rarrabe shi a matsayin labari na ƙarshe na salon marubucin na farko, shi ne na farko wanda aka bayyana ci gaba da rikice -rikicen ɗabi'a da marubuci ya sha wahala a lokacin. Ana Karenina, labari mai ban tsoro na zina a fagen manyan jama'ar Rasha na lokacin.
A ciki Tolstoy yana nuna hangen nesan sa na zamantakewar birane, alamar munanan halaye da zunubi, sabanin rayuwar lafiya ta yanayi da karkara. Ana Karenina ita ce wacce aka azabtar da wannan wautar da duniyar cuta ta birni, wacce ta zama jigo a adabin duniya.
Yaƙi da zaman lafiya
Akwai babban ra'ayi cewa wannan shine babban aikin Tolstoy. Amma kamar yadda kuke gani, Ina so in ɗauki akasin lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma na ƙare har sai in sanya shi a matsayi na biyu ... babu shakka gaskiya ne cewa wannan labari shine mafi cikakken tunani, cikakken sararin samaniya na microcosm, mai haske sosai. haruffa, cike da dukan ji da kuma ɗan adam motsin zuciyarmu da kuma a kusa da sosai transcendental tarihi lokacin, a cikin abin da mutum fuskantar a abyss kawo karshen sama fadowa ko yawo a kan ..., amma Anna Karenina yana da wani musamman batu, wani rangwame ga mace da ta ciki. talikai, masu tsananin ƙarfi kamar kowane tarihi.
Taƙaice: A cikin wannan babban labari, Tolstoy yana ba da labari game da rikice-rikicen rayuwar haruffa masu yawa iri iri da yanayi a cikin kusan shekaru hamsin na tarihin Rasha, daga yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleonic har zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha tara.
A kan wannan yanayin, kamfen na Rasha a cikin Prussia tare da sanannen yaƙin Austerlitz, kamfen na sojojin Faransa a Rasha tare da yaƙin Borodín da ƙone Moscow, abubuwan da suka faru na iyalai biyu masu daraja na Rasha, Bolkonska da The Rostovs , wanda membobinta sun haɗa da adadi na Count Pedro Bezeschov a matsayin da'irar haɗin gwiwa, wanda a kusa da shi aka ƙuntata zaren da yawa da rikitarwa waɗanda ke farawa daga tarihin iyali.
Halin Bitrus yana nuna kasancewar Tolstoy a cikin wannan babban labari. Haɗuwa da tarihi da hasashe tare da mafi girman fasaha, marubucin ya ba da almara na sarakuna biyu, Napoleon da Alexander.
Yana da wuya a daidaita zurfin da girman wannan tatsuniya da ke faruwa a cikin zauren St. Petersburg da cikin gidajen kurkukun Moscow, a cikin manyan gidajen sarauta da a fagen daga.
Cossacks
Idan gaskiya ne kuma wannan labari na iya ƙunsar wani ɓangare na akidar Tolstoy da kasancewarsa, koyaushe yana da ban sha'awa a gano marubucin a cikin wannan canjin kuɗi. Idan, ƙari, labarin yana da ma'anar ganowa mai ban sha'awa, na tafiya zuwa ilimin duniya da na mutum a cikin yanayi masu canzawa, duk mafi kyau.
Taƙaice: Taken shine na gwarzo wanda ya bar duniyar wayewa don fuskantar haɗari da tsarkake ɗabi'a na tafiya ta ƙasashe masu nisa. Kamar yadda yake a yawancin ayyukansa na farko, jarumin, Olenin, hasashe ne na halayen marubucinsa: saurayi wanda ya ɓata wani ɓangare na gado kuma ya rungumi aikin soja don tserewa rayuwarsa ta rushewa a Moscow.
Mafarkai marasa ma'ana na farin ciki suna motsa shi. Kuma wannan da alama yana zuwa don saduwa da shi, duka saboda zurfin tunanin cikar da hulɗa da Caucasus ke samarwa, tare da sararin sararin samaniya da yanayin rayuwarsa da rayuwa mai sauƙi na mazaunanta, wanda, nesa ba kusa da duk wani wucin gadi, keɓance ƙarfin madawwami na gaskiyar halitta, game da ƙaunar da yake furtawa don kyakkyawar Cossack Mariana.
Rabin nazarin kabilanci, rabin labarin ɗabi'a, wannan labari yana da ƙwaƙƙwarar fasaha da akida a cikin aikin Tolstoy. Kyakkyawar yanayin shimfidar wurare wanda adadi waɗanda ba za a iya mantawa da su na Cossacks sun fito ba - tsohon Yéroshka, Lúkashka da Mariana kyakkyawa kuma mai nutsuwa -, zurfin zurfin tunanin mutum na farko da kuma hanyar kai tsaye na watsa almara na rayuwa wanda is Tana ikirarin kanta ta sanya wannan ɗan gajeren labari na samari ya zama ƙwararre.
Madalla. Ina shiga wannan duniyar.