5 mafi kyawun littattafai a tarihi

Ba dole ba ne su zama littattafan da aka fi siyarwa ba, ko ma sun fi shahara. Kuma kada mu dage a kan fitar da ingancin labari daga Littafi Mai Tsarki ko Kur'ani, Attaura ko Talmud, komai yawansu. isar ruhaniya cika wasu nau'ikan muminai ko wasu ...

A gare ni shi ne game da nunin littattafan da ke nuna zamanin zamani, waɗanda suka wuce lokacinsu kuma suna iya samun sabbin karatu a cikin mutane (ko ma a cikin ɓangarorin duniya idan wata rana mun sami damar barin rubutaccen tarihin wayewar mu) daga lokuta daban-daban. Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za a iya yin aikin ƙiyayya na zaɓin mafi kyawun litattafan tarihi.

Eh, na ce novels saboda za a gwada almara a matsayin sieve na farko kuma ta haka ne muke kawar da masana falsafa, masu tunani, masu ra'ayin juyin juya hali da sauran masu tarihin makomar bil'adama. An bar mu da litattafai ko labaru, tare da bayyanar da wanzuwar mu, daga makircin da ke lalata ɗan adam a cikin gwagwarmayar har abada tsakanin nagarta da mugunta, tare da kusanci ga haruffan da aka rarraba a cikin dukkan nau'o'in jiki, tunani da tunani. Almara adabi ne mai manyan haruffa.

Manyan litattafai 5 da aka ba da shawarar a cikin tarihin adabi

Countididdigar Monte Cristo

Abin ban tausayi na rayuwa a matsayin kasada. Jurewa tare da taɓawa na soyayya, ƙwaƙƙwaran labari na laifi mai nisa a kusa da mafi munin yanayin ɗan adam. Labarin baya na avant-garde a lokacin amma wanda ya mutunta mafi kyawun tsarin farawa, tsakiya da ƙarshe. Kullin kawai shine madaidaicin gine-gine na ƙarin kulli da aka haɓaka a cikin sarkar. Kowane ɗayan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ce.

Rushewar jiragen ruwa, gidajen kurkuku, tserewa, kisa, kisa, cin amana, guba, kwaikwaiyon mutumtaka, yaro da aka binne da rai, wata budurwa da aka ta da daga matattu, catacombs, masu fasa kwauri, ‘yan fashi... duk don haifar da yanayi mara gaskiya, na ban mamaki, mai ban mamaki, wanda ya dace da superman. mai motsi a cikinta. Kuma duk wannan an nannade shi da wani labari na al'adu, wanda ya cancanci auna daidai da mutanen zamanin Balzac.

Amma, ƙari ga haka, dukan aikin ya shafi ra'ayin ɗabi'a: dole ne a hukunta mugunta. Ƙididdigar, daga wannan tsayin da ke ba shi hikima, dukiya da gudanar da zaren makirci, yana tsaye a "hannun Allah" don rarraba kyaututtuka da azabtarwa da rama wa ƙuruciyarsa da ƙaunatacciyarsa. Wani lokaci idan ya yi mu’ujizai don ya ceci adali daga mutuwa, mai karatu yakan ji haushi. Wasu kuma, sa’ad da ya ba da ɓangarorin ramuwar gayya, sai mu ji girgiza.

Quijote

Exuberance a cikin nau'i da abu, m, erudition a cikin sanannen sautin (ma'auni kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga kowane mai ba da labari ban da Cervantes). Kasadar kasada da rashin jin daɗi na Don Quixote sun cika da tunani ta kowane bangare. Amma kowane mai karatu mai basira da sauri ya gane cewa bayan kasadar Don Quixote da Sancho Panza akwai misalai da yawa, koyarwa da ɗabi'a. Mahaukaci irinsa yana iya nunawa tare da kowane sabon babi cewa lucidity shine mafi gadon waɗanda suka yi la'akari da duniya akan doki irin nata.

Don Quijote shine sunan da aka zaba Alonso quijano don abubuwan da ya faru a matsayin jarumi a cikin aikin almara Gentwararren Mutumin Kirki Don Quijote na La Mancha, aikin marubucin Mutanen Espanya Miguel de Cervantes.

Slim, dogo da karfi, Alonso quijano Yana matukar son littatafan chivalric, har ya fara shan rugujewar halli da kuma daukar kansa a matsayin wani jakin jaki mai suna. Don Quijote. A cikin al'amuransa na neman uwargidansa. Dulcinea del Toboso, aka tare Sancho Panza, mutum mai gaskiya da aiki tuƙuru, a matsayin squire.

Don Quijote yakan jefa rayuwarsa cikin hatsari sau da yawa kuma yana haɗa hauka tare da lokuta masu girman kai, tare da nuna babban butulci wanda yawancin haruffan cikin littafin - masu hankali na tunani - suke ƙoƙarin cin gajiyar su.

Kasadar Don Quijote suna ƙarewa lokacin da ya ci nasara da shi Bakin Karrasco kama kamar jarumi. An tilastawa komawa gida ya watsar da rayuwar jarumtaka, Don Quijote ya dawo hayyacinsa amma ya mutu ba ya da lafiya.

Turare

Patrick Süskind ya rabu da wannan labari. Kamar yadda dama ta samu, wannan marubuci Bajamushe ya ci karo da ɗaya daga cikin litattafai mafi ban mamaki, masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa a tarihin adabi. Halin Grenouille ya kai irin wannan ƙarfi kamar Don Quixote daga girman girmansa. Domin Grenouille yana rayuwa tare da hukuncinta kamar yadda aka kawo daga tsoffin hukunce-hukuncen gumakan Girka. Ba mai jin kamshi domin ba shi da kamshi.

Kowa ya ƙi shi saboda kasancewarsa mai tada hankali wanda ke kwaikwayi babu komai, fanko… Amma duk da haka, kamshin Grenouille yana iya yin komai, na haɗa wannan ƙamshin da ke haifar da rayuwa, ƙauna, mutuwa, har ma da sakamakonsa na ƙarshe.

Daga cikin wahala da aka haife shi, an watsar da shi a kula da wasu sufaye, Jean-Baptiste Grenouille ya yi yaƙi da yanayinsa kuma ya hau matsayi na zamantakewa, ya zama sanannen mai turare. Yakan kirkiri turare masu iya sanya shi ba tare da an gane shi ba ko kuma za su sa shi tausayawa, soyayya, tausayi... Domin samun wadannan nagartattun dabaru dole ne ya kashe ‘yan mata budurwai, ya samu ruwan jikinsu, ya shayar da kamshinsu. Sana'arsa ta zama mafi girma da damuwa sleight na hannu. Patrick Süskind, wanda ya zama ƙwararren masanin dabi'a na ban dariya, ya aiko mana da hangen nesa na ɗan adam mai ban sha'awa a cikin wani littafi mai cike da hikimar kamshi, hasashe da babban abin jin daɗi. Lallashinsa ya yi daidai da na halinsa kuma yana ba mu nutsewar wallafe-wallafe a cikin bakan gizo na ƙamshi na halitta da kuma cikin ramin ruhin ɗan adam.

Duniya mai farin ciki

Dystopia a matsayin hujja shine a cikin wallafe-wallafen abu mafi kusa ga tsinkayar zargi na zamantakewa wanda kawai almara zai iya magance don sanya mu duka a faɗakarwa. Tun lokacin da duniyarmu ta zama al'ummomi masu ƙarfi, bayan juyin juya halin masana'antu, tsarin karkatar da ƙasa yana daidaita daidai da ci gaban dimokuradiyya a matsayin mafi girman darajar. Idan dimokuradiyya ta riga ta kasance mafi ƙarancin tsarin zamantakewa, lokacin da gajimare baƙar fata na dystopianism ke damun, abubuwa suna yin muni kuma ɓangaren "demos" na kalmar ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.

Bayan Utopia na Tomás Moró wanda daga baya wannan ra'ayi na gaba ya taso, Huxley shine farkon wanda ya fara bayyana a yuwuwar, zai fi dacewa idan iko ya dage kan mika wuya a cikin mafi dabara, a wasu lokuta mara amfani. Sakamakon shine sabon labari na farko na 1984's Orwell ko Tawaye akan Gona ta wannan marubucin.

Kasancewar majagaba mai alama. Kuma tare da duk filin da aka buɗe don Huxley, duniyar sa mai farin ciki ita ce labarin litattafan litattafan dystopian, muhimmin aiki don yanayin yanayin sa ba shakka amma kuma ga bayanan da aka yi sharhi.

Yaki da zaman lafiya

Gaskiya ne, aiki mai kauri inda suke wanzu. Amma abin da ake nufi ke nan, ko ba haka ba? Lokacin da muka karanta labari mai kyau wani sashe na mu yana fatan kada ya ƙare, ko kuma muna jin lokacin da muka kunna shafi na ƙarshe. Kuma idan wannan ya faru, lokacin da aikin ya ci gaba da dare bayan karantawa, tare da jin daɗin hankali na kusan inzali (ban sani ba idan na karshen ya zama cikakken sabani), muna koka game da tsawon lokacin ...

Tabbas, ɗarurruwan da ɗaruruwan shafuka suna ganin sun fi tsanani lokacin da ba ku fara karantawa ba tukuna. Da zarar makircin ya kasance, yana sa mu rayu cikin wannan almara wanda ke magana da komai daga tarihi zuwa abubuwan da ke wanzuwa. Watakila da aka zayyana a farkonsa a matsayin aiki a cikin ɗimbin yawa ya ba shi ainihin asalinsa a matsayin aiki daban-daban, wani mosaic mara tsinkaya da sihiri wanda da zarar ya sa mu shiga cikin daki-daki, ba zato ba tsammani ya fitar da mu daga cikin jirgin don mu iya gani. duk abin da ke cikakke yana nufin yayin da muke ɗaukar ƙarin hangen nesa kan abubuwan tarihi da halaye.

An buga shi a cikin kashi-kashi a cikin mujallar Messenger ta Rasha tsakanin 1865 zuwa 1867 kuma a cikin littafin a 1869, Yaƙi da Zaman Lafiya ba su daina haifar da ruɗani a lokacin sa ba, sannan, har wa yau, yunƙurin ma'ana. Babban haruffa sun hada da zane-zane na wakilci na aristocracy na Rasha na farkon karni na XNUMX. Tolstoy ya shiga cikin abubuwan da ya faru a lokacin yakin Napoleon tare da na tarihin tarihi da na talakawa, wanda ya ƙunshi almara da na gida, jama'a da kuma kusanci, sau da yawa daga ra'ayoyin da ba zato ba: ba kawai na babban umarni da ya saba wa wannan ba. na mai tsari, amma ko na yarinya 'yar shekara shida ... ko na doki.