Thuig ficsean polaitiĂșil, de rĂ©ir mar a thuigim, a bhuaic leis an gcarachtar gruama ach diongbhĂĄilte seo. ScrĂbhneoir a chuaigh i bhfolach taobh thiar de ainm brĂ©ige George Orwell saothair anthological a fhĂĄgĂĄil linn le dĂĄileoga mĂłra de chĂĄineadh polaitiĂșil agus sĂłisialta.
Agus tĂĄ, mar a chloiseann tĂș, nĂl i George Orwell ach brĂ©ige chun ĂșrscĂ©alta a shĂniĂș. Eric Arthur Blair a tugadh ar an gcarachtar fĂ©in i ndĂĄirĂre, fĂric nach gcuirtear i gcuimhne i gcĂłnaĂ i measc trĂ©ithe an Ășdair seo a mhair trĂ na blianta is suaite san Eoraip, an chĂ©ad leath den 20Ăș haois tuilte le fuil.
Seo chugaibh imleabhar iomlĂĄn leis an gcuid is fearr de George OrwellâŠ
Ă fhicsean eolaĂochta go ficsean, is fĂ©idir le haon seĂĄnra nĂł stĂl insinte a bheith oiriĂșnach chun nĂłisean criticiĂșil a chur in iĂșl maidir le polaitĂocht, cumhacht, cogadh. Is cosĂșil go bhfuil an scĂ©al do Orwell mar leathnĂș eile ar a shuĂomh sĂłisialta gnĂomhach. Bheadh ââsean-George nĂł Eric maith, cibĂ© rud is mian leat a ghlaoch air anois, ina thinneas cinn leanĂșnach do gach cuspĂłir polaitiĂșil a sheas idir fabhraĂ, Ăł rialtas eachtrach a dtĂre fĂ©in agus a n-impiriĂșlachas coilĂnithe atĂĄ ag dul as dĂĄta go dtĂ na cumhachtaĂ eacnamaĂocha sa lĂĄr. de phrĂłiseas an chumhdaigh shĂłisialta, agus gan dearmad a dhĂ©anamh ar fhaisistĂ nĂos gĂ©ire leath na hEorpa.
Mar sin nĂ fhĂĄgann neamhshuim riamh tĂș ag lĂ©amh Orwell. Iarrann cĂĄineadh follasach nĂł intuigthe machnamh ar ĂĄr n-Ă©abhlĂłid mar shibhialtacht. Roinneann siad an onĂłir seo de chĂĄineadh polaitiĂșil an oiread huxley mar Bradbury. TrĂ cholĂșn bhunĂșsacha chun fĂ©achaint ar an domhan mar dystopia, tubaiste ĂĄr sibhialtachta.
3 ĂrscĂ©al Molta le George Orwell
1984
Nuair a lĂ©igh mĂ© an t-ĂșrscĂ©al seo, sa phrĂłiseas sin de fiuchphointe smaointe is gnĂĄch don Ăłige, chuir sĂ© iontas orm an cumas a bhĂ ag Orwell sa tsintĂ©is an idĂ©alach sin de shochaĂ neamhnithe a chur i lĂĄthair dĂșinn (oiriĂșnach don tomhaltachas, don chaipiteal agus do na leasanna is amhrasaĂ, ar ndĂłigh. ).
AireachtaĂ chun mothĂșchĂĄin a threorĂș, manaĂ chun smaoineamh a shoilĂ©iriĂș..., Teanga ag baint amach an leibhĂ©al is airde de reitric chun fholmhĂș coincheapa, neamhnĂ agus an lĂonadh ina dhiaidh sin chun blas agus spĂ©is na polaitĂochta ard ag seirbhĂs aonfhoirmeachta a bhaint amach. Baineadh an smaoineamh aonair inmhianaithe amach le lobotomy shĂ©imeantach.
Achoimre: London, 1984: Cinneann Winston Smith Ă©irĂ amach i gcoinne rialtas totalitaraigh a rialaĂonn gluaiseachtaĂ a shaorĂĄnach agus a phionĂłsaĂonn fiĂș iad siĂșd a dhĂ©anann coireanna lena gcuid smaointe. Agus Ă© ar an eolas faoi na hiarmhairtĂ diana a thig as easaontĂș, tĂ©ann Winston isteach sa BhrĂĄithreachas dĂ©bhrĂoch trĂd an gceannaire O''Brien.
De rĂ©ir a chĂ©ile, ĂĄfach, tuigeann ĂĄr bprĂomhcharachtar nach iad an BrĂĄithreachas nĂĄ OââBrien a bhfuil siad le feiceĂĄil, agus go bhfĂ©adfadh Ă©irĂ amach, tar Ă©is an tsaoil, a bheith ina sprioc do-aimsithe. Mar gheall ar an anailĂs iontach atĂĄ dĂ©anta aige ar chumhacht agus ar na caidrimh agus na spleĂĄchais a chruthaĂonn sĂ© i ndaoine aonair, tĂĄ 1984 ar cheann de na hĂșrscĂ©alta is suaitĂ agus is tarraingtĂ sa chĂ©id seo.
ĂirĂ amach ar an bhfeirm
Ohhh, muca cumannach, meafar caolchĂșiseach. sĂ© sĂ©. Logh dom an ceadĂșnas greannmhar. Thaitin an leabhar seo go mĂłr liom, ach nĂ fĂ©idir liom cabhrĂș le disenchantment George le cumannachas na RĂșise a shamhlĂș. Mheas sĂ©, cosĂșil le go leor eile, go raibh postulates Lenin idĂ©alach na sochaĂ. Ach chaill duine ĂłrĂĄid Lenin nĂł chaith Stalin sĂos an leithreas Ă©.
Sa leabhar seo George Orwell, tuigim go gcrĂochnaĂonn sĂ© le dĂomĂĄ uafĂĄsach ag mĂniĂș ar bhealach fable cleas an chumannachais a cuireadh i bhfeidhm. Na smaointe, go maith, curtha i bhfeidhm agus tĂłgtha chun an-mhĂłr. An ceadĂșnas sna hachtanna, bunaithe ar an bhfĂric gurb iad sin na smaointe "maith". DĂ©antar gach rud eile a thairiscint toisc go dtugann an deireadh Ășdar maith leis an acmhainn ...
Achoimre: An fable mar uirlis chun ĂșrscĂ©al aoire a chumadh faoin gcumannachas. TĂĄ ordlathas soilĂ©ir ag ainmhithe feirme atĂĄ bunaithe ar aclaĂ doshĂĄraithe. Is iad muca is mĂł atĂĄ freagrach as nĂłsanna agus gnĂĄthaimh feirme.
Thug an meafar taobh thiar den fable go leor le labhairt faoina machnamh i gcĂłrais pholaitiĂșla Ă©agsĂșla an ama. Nochtann simpliĂș an phearsanaithe seo ainmhithe na deacrachtaĂ go lĂ©ir atĂĄ ag cĂłrais pholaitiĂșla ĂșdarĂĄsacha. Mura bhfuil do lĂ©itheoireacht ach ag lorg siamsaĂochta, is fĂ©idir leat lĂ©amh faoin struchtĂșr iontach sin freisin.
ĂmĂłs don ChatalĂłin
Agus muid ag baint leis, crĂochnaĂm an rangĂș seo le stair de chogadh cathartha na SpĂĄinne. BâfhĂ©idir gur scrĂobh sĂ© an t-ĂłmĂłs le greann BriotĂĄnach ĂĄirithe, mar is uafĂĄsach an rud Ă© an taithĂ a bhĂ ag Orwell ar an tosach mar bhriogĂĄidire agus gur aistrigh sĂ© go dtĂ an leabhar seo.
Chuaigh Cumannachas in achrann leis an Marxachas agus gan namhaid coitianta a bheith in ann leath-troid. Shroich mĂrĂ©asĂșnta an foirceann sin. Coinbhleacht chogaidh na SpĂĄinne mar ghaimĂ©ite don fhaisisteachas agus don totalitarianism a thiocfadh nĂos dĂ©anaĂ...
Achoimre: Gan amhras tĂĄ ĂłmĂłs don ChatalĂłin ar cheann de na leabhair is tĂĄbhachtaĂ sa XNUMXĂș haois, a bhfuil meas ag Ășdair de gach aois agus riocht air, Ăł Connolly nĂł Trilling go Javier Cercas, Antony Beevor nĂł Mario Vargas Llosa, a thĂĄinig go Barcelona sna seascaidĂ le an obair seo faoina lĂĄmh.
PrĂomhthĂ©acs ar an gcogadh sa SpĂĄinn, a bhĂ mar chleachtadh gĂșna don Dara Cogadh Domhanda, agus a bhailĂonn eispĂ©ireas pearsanta George Orwell. ThĂĄinig Ășdar na Breataine go Barcelona i bhfeidhmiĂș rĂ©abhlĂłideach iomlĂĄn i mĂ na Nollag 1936 agus i gceann nĂos lĂș nĂĄ bliain bâĂ©igean dĂł teitheadh ââĂłn innealra SĂłivĂ©adach dochreidte as a bheith mar chuid de mhĂlĂste POUM.
Mar gheall ar an macĂĄntacht agus an misneach a thuairiscĂonn Orwell an mĂ©id a chonaic sĂ© agus a chĂłnaigh sĂ© tĂĄ an scrĂbhneoir morĂĄlta ar fheabhas. Is forĂłgra cumhachtach ag an duine Ă© ĂłmĂłs don ChatalĂłin agus i gcoinne astarraingtĂ a mbĂonn uafĂĄs mar thoradh orthu gan dabht.