Barr 5 scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ na rĂșise

TĂĄ ĂĄbhar ag litrĂ­ocht na RĂșise, nĂ­l a fhios agam cĂ©n lionn dubh, mar a bheith ag glacadh leis an oighreata in oirchill earrach nach leor choĂ­che chun an t-anam a chompord. Ar an gcĂșis seo go beacht, cuireann go leor de na scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ mĂłra RĂșiseacha cothromaĂ­ocht iontach ar fĂĄil dĂșinn idir a n-uaim le haghaidh ceapacha beoghnĂ­omhaĂ­ochta ina bplĂ©itear a gcarachtar isteach i bhfeitheamh eiseach a thugann aghaidh ar gach rud Ăłn saol sĂłisialta go dtĂ­ an duine is pearsanta.

CuidĂ­onn imthosca freisin, ar ndĂłigh. Agus fios agam go bhfuil sĂ© ar intinn agam na scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ is fearr de gach tĂ­r a tharrthĂĄil, ag dul siar chomh fada leis an XNUMXĂș haois, feicimid fĂ©in le RĂșis atĂĄ drogallach i gcĂłnaĂ­, le aicmeachas marcĂĄilte trĂ­ na czars nĂł trĂ­ na ceannairĂ­ SĂłivĂ©adacha a chrĂ­ochnaigh ag dĂ©anamh macasamhail. Iompar na sean-impire na rĂșise. . Paradoxes an-daonna.

Mar sin, d’fhĂ©adfadh go mbeadh an scĂ©alaĂ­ocht do na scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ mĂłra ar nĂłs Dostoiveski nĂł Chekhov ina chleachtadh an-suimiĂșil, rud a chuireann a gcuid mothĂșchĂĄn fĂ©in nĂ­os dĂ©anaĂ­ idir an t-easaontacht, an choimhthiĂș agus teagmhĂĄil rĂłmĂĄnsĂșil ar uairibh, agus iad sifted ag sĂșil le splendors nach gcrĂ­ochnaĂ­onn ag teacht. .

Gabhann oidhreacht na scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ RĂșiseacha is fearr le hĂșdair reatha nua a sheasann amach freisin lena n-oighreacha trasnĂș samhailteacha ina raibh paisin faoi bhlĂĄth i gcĂłnaĂ­ agus a bhriseann i rĂ©imse na liteartha i dtreo radharcanna gan amhras i measc an oiread sin Ășdair reatha mhaithe.

Na 5 scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ is fearr sa RĂșis

Chekhov. BunĂșs na rĂșise sa scĂ©al

Chomh fada agus a bhaineann le hinsint ghearr, Anton Chekhov bĂ­onn sĂ© mar thagairt bhunĂșsach d’aon duine atĂĄ i ngrĂĄ leis an sainchĂșram, leis an tsintĂ©is, leis na scĂ©alta beaga iontacha atĂĄ in ann croĂ­lĂĄr an domhain a fhanann sa rud a mholtar a tharchur, sa mhĂ©id a fhĂłgraĂ­tear go simplĂ­.

Is Ă© atĂĄ sa scĂ©al nĂĄ cur isteach ar shaol duine, lĂ©amh iomlĂĄn ar fĂ©idir taitneamh a bhaint as ar thuras chuig ĂĄit ar bith nĂł mar thionlacan sula n-Ă©irĂ­onn leat codladh. Agus san fhoirfeacht ghairid sin FeidhmĂ­onn Chekhov mar an genius is mĂł ar fad. Is fĂ©idir smaoineamh ort fĂ©in mar scrĂ­bhneoir mar gheall ar thiomantas a thabhairt duit fĂ©in mar scrĂ­bhneoir. Is cosĂșil go ndĂ­rĂ­onn gach scĂ©alaĂ­ ar a ĂșrscĂ©al deiridh, an ceann a osclaĂ­onn cruinne nĂ­os iomlĂĄine agus nĂ­os casta.

NĂ­or scrĂ­obh Chekhov ĂșrscĂ©al riamh de rĂ©ir saothar toirtiĂșil agus caipitithe le cur chuige soilĂ©ir, forbairt agus dĂșnadh. Ach fĂłs tĂĄ a chuid oibre fĂłs ann go dtĂ­ an lĂĄ atĂĄ inniu ann leis an bhfĂłrsa cĂ©anna le saothar aon ghutha eile. Sa mhĂ©id go bhfuil, mar aon le Tolstoy y Dostoyevsky, dĂ©anann sĂ© triolĂłg dhoshĂĄraithe de litrĂ­ocht na RĂșise agus an domhain a chumadh, as a Ă©agsĂșlacht agus a doimhneacht.

BhĂ­ a thĂșs marcĂĄilte le riachtanas. BhĂ­ an-Ă©ileamh ar scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ mar shaghas colĂșnaĂ­ ficsin in aimsir Chekhov. Nuair a bheidh sĂ© comhdhlĂșite, nĂ­or stop sĂ© ag scrĂ­obh faoi mhionteagasc, le smaoineamh an starĂłgach, den radharc uathĂșil mar an lĂ©iriĂș is fearr ar cĂ© muid fĂ©in. Ceann de na bailiĂșchĂĄin is dĂ©anaĂ­ dĂĄ chuid, anseo:

Na scéalta Chekhov is fearr saor in aisce,

Dostoevsky. réalachas casta

NĂ­ dĂ©arfadh Ă©inne gur ghĂ©ill Dostoyevsky d’arm na litrĂ­ochta a bhuĂ­ochas leis na hĂșdair rĂłmĂĄnsĂșla. MĂĄs fĂ©idir rud Ă©igin a aibhsiĂș i an mĂłr Dostoevsky Is Ă© an t-uafĂĄs atĂĄ ann laistigh de chiall mhealltach dhaonnacht gach duine dĂĄ charachtair.

Ach is cinnte go raibh. BhĂ­ an ghluaiseacht rĂłmĂĄnsĂșil, cĂ© go raibh sĂ© gafa cheana fĂ©in i lĂĄr a chĂșlaithe, fĂłs ina tionchar bunĂșsach ar na lĂ©amha a bhĂ­ mar an chĂ©ad bhia do Fyodor.

NĂ­ folĂĄir nĂł gur tharla sĂ© gur aimsigh an t-Ășdar seo go bhfuil an rĂ©altacht righin. Mar thoradh ar na cĂșinsĂ­ trithĂ­ agus meath sĂłisialta mhuintir na RĂșise tugadh cineĂĄl eile muses i bhfad nĂ­os rĂ©adĂșla agus nĂ­os diongbhĂĄilte a dhoimhniĂș go riachtanas deireanach an anama.

Maidir le haistĂ©itic scĂ©alaĂ­ochta fĂ­orĂĄlainn, in ainneoin seo, ghlac a argĂłint ghinearĂĄlta leis an mothĂșchĂĄn sin de leamh ginearĂĄlaithe, gan mĂłrĂĄn seachtracha a bheith ĂĄ rialĂș ag daoine, thar aon rud eile, ag eagla agus toimhde cineĂĄlta marfach mar an t-aon chinniĂșint atĂĄ ag na daoine atĂĄ dĂ­rithe ar chĂșis na Tsarism. .

Chomh maith leis an rĂșn sin chun taobh istigh sĂłisialta a thĂ­re a lĂ©iriĂș agus an t-anam is doimhne dĂĄ charachtair a chuardach, nĂ­ fhĂ©adfadh Dostoyevski a thaithĂ­ saoil fĂ©in a sheachaint mar chĂșis liteartha. Mar gheall ar a sheasamh polaitiĂșil, nuair a bhĂ­ sĂ© soilĂ©ir, agus nuair a d’fhĂ©adfaĂ­ a thiomantas liteartha a mheas contĂșirteach cheana fĂ©in, chrĂ­ochnaigh sĂ© pianbhreith saothair Ă©igeantach sa tSibĂ©ir.

Ar ĂĄmharaĂ­ an tsaoil d’éalaigh sĂ© Ăł phionĂłs an bhĂĄis as comhcheilg agus, tar Ă©is dĂł freastal ar arm na RĂșise mar an dara cuid dĂĄ phianbhreith, bhĂ­ sĂ© in ann scrĂ­obh arĂ­s. Seo thĂ­os ceann de na heagrĂĄin is luachmhaire de «Coireacht agus PionĂłs»:

Tolstoy. an croiniceoir tragĂłideach

TĂĄ roinnt comhtharlĂșintĂ­ aisteach i Stair na LitrĂ­ochta, an ceann is cĂĄiliĂșla nĂĄ an sioncrĂłntacht i mbĂĄsanna (nĂ­ folĂĄir nach raibh siad ach uair an chloig ar shiĂșl) idir an dĂĄ scrĂ­bhneoir uilĂ­ocha: Cervantes agus Shakespeare. Tagann an chomhtharlĂș mĂłr seo le chĂ©ile leis an gceann a roinneann an t-Ășdar a thugaim anseo inniu, Tolstoy lena chompĂĄnach Dostoyevsky. BhĂ­ an bheirt scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ is mĂł sa RĂșis agus gan amhras i measc na ndaoine is fearr i litrĂ­ocht an domhain, comhaimseartha freisin.

CineĂĄl claonphĂĄirteachais seans, ba chĂșis le sioncrĂłntacht draĂ­ochta an t-imrĂ©iteach seo i vĂ©arsaĂ­ na staire. TĂĄ sĂ© chomh follasach ... dĂĄ n-iarrfaimis ar dhuine ar bith ainmneacha beirt scrĂ­bhneoirĂ­ RĂșiseacha, luafaidĂ­s an tandem litreacha seo.

Mar a d’fhĂ©adfaĂ­ a thuar, ghlac na comhaimseartha tĂ©amaĂ­ analaĂ­. Thug Tolstoy uaidh freisin an meon tragĂłideach, marfach agus ag an am cĂ©anna ceannairceach timpeall sochaĂ­ sa RĂșis atĂĄ fĂłs srathaithe ... RĂ©alachas mar phointe tosaigh d’fheasacht agus an toil chun athrĂș. Pessimism mar inspiorĂĄid do scenagrafaĂ­ocht existentialist agus thar a bheith iontach ina daonnachas.

Seo ceann de na heagráin is fearr dá shaothar iontach “Cogadh agus Síocháin”:

Maxim Gorky. Stair na rĂșise

Is fiĂș a lua go bhfĂ©adfadh na hamanna crua a bhĂ­ ina gcĂłnaĂ­ sa RĂșis idir an XNUMXĂș agus an XNUMXĂș haois, a bheith i bhfabhar an scĂ©ala dian, chriticiĂșil, mhothĂșchĂĄnach sin, a bhĂ­ an-mhĂłr i dtrĂ©ithe an duine an ainnise, agus Ă© nĂ­os measa san uacht a bheith ag iarraidh guth a thabhairt do dhomhan atĂĄ tostach ag an Tsarism ar an gcĂ©ad dul sĂ­os agus leis an rĂ©abhlĂłid nĂ­os dĂ©anaĂ­.

I gcĂĄs Maxim Gorky, lena ĂșrscĂ©al An mhĂĄthair a tharlaĂ­onn rud Ă©igin cosĂșil le Dostoevsky le Crime and Punishment nĂł Tolstoy le War and Peace. Is Ă©ard a bhĂ­ i gceist leis an scĂ©al a insint trĂ­ charachtair a d’fhĂ©adfadh mothĂșchĂĄin daoine a phionĂłsaĂ­tear go stairiĂșil a shintĂ©isiĂș agus a raibh eagla, athlĂ©imneacht agus dĂłchas rĂ©abhlĂłid ag a n-anamacha a bhĂ­ nĂ­os measa fĂłs sa deireadh, mar nuair a bhĂ­onn ollphĂ©ist eile ag teastĂĄil chun deireadh a chur leis, is Ă© fĂłrsa an t-aon dlĂ­ a Ă©irĂ­onn as an gcoinbhleacht.

Is beag taithĂ­ liteartha atĂĄ nĂ­os dĂ©ine nĂĄ lĂ©amha na scĂ©alaithe RĂșiseacha seo. I gcĂĄs Gorky i gcĂłnaĂ­ le pointe fĂ­ordheimhnithe polaitiĂșla, in ainneoin gur Ăł thĂșs a chĂ©ile taobh le Lennin agus a fhilleadh ar thaobh Stalin a lĂ©irigh siad gan amhras ag mĂșscailt go dodhĂ©anta rĂ©abhlĂłid ina raibh a idĂ©-eolaĂ­ocht rannphĂĄirteach go fonnmhar. TĂĄ daoine ann a deir gur fhulaing sĂ© ina fheoil fĂ©in an cos ar bolg Stalineach nach raibh aon rogha morĂĄlta eile aige ach aghaidh a thabhairt air ...

An MhĂĄthair, Gorky

Alexander Pushkin. dĂșiseacht rĂ©alachas na RĂșise

Le haghaidh croineolaĂ­ocht shimplĂ­, Pinkkin Aleksandr faigheann sĂ© rĂłl athair litrĂ­ocht mhĂłr na RĂșise a thĂĄinig i lĂĄmha nĂ­os dĂ©anaĂ­ Dostoevsky, Tolstoy nĂł Chekhov Ă­oslĂłdĂĄil, an scĂ©al sin a bhaineann le litreacha uilĂ­ocha. Mar gheall ar, in ainneoin na difrĂ­ochta tĂ©amaĂ­ agus an athraithe cur chuige a bhĂ­ tipiciĂșil d’amanna gach scĂ©alaĂ­, figiĂșr bia agus inspiorĂĄide ceaptha Pushkin, bhĂ­ dearcadh criticiĂșil dĂ­rithe ina pheann i dtreo rĂłmĂĄnsachais a bhĂ­ ag Ă©irĂ­ nĂ­os amh, go dtĂ­ go raibh an rĂ©alachas sin amh. curtha in oiriĂșint do shamhlaĂ­ocht gach ceann de na trĂ­ mhĂłruaisle nĂ­os dĂ©anaĂ­.

Ón gcliabhĂĄn uasal uaisle, pĂșicĂ­n Mar sin fĂ©in, chrĂ­ochnaigh sĂ© ag obair mar scĂ©alaĂ­ criticiĂșil, Ăłn bpointe rĂłmĂĄnsĂșil folaigh sin i gcĂłnaĂ­ san Ășdar a bhuĂ­ochas dĂĄ oideachas scagtha agus dĂĄ chĂ©ad treoshuĂ­omh fileata.

Piorra Is fĂ©idir leis an rĂłmĂĄnsachas a bheith ina uirlis chumhachtach idĂ©-eolaĂ­och a thugann ionradh ar lĂ©itheoirĂ­ Ăłna gcuid mothĂșchĂĄn. Agus bhuel, rinne cinsirĂ­ an Tsar an rĂșn fĂ©ideartha sin a lĂ©irmhĂ­niĂș, a raibh aird aige i gcĂłnaĂ­ air mar fhĂłcas Ă©irĂ­ amach fĂ©ideartha.

Agus Ă© scartha Ăł na hionaid nĂ©arĂłg shĂłisialta agus pholaitiĂșla, gan a bheith in ann bearta diana a ghlacadh ina choinne mar gheall ar a bhunĂșs uaisle, bhĂ­ Pushkin ag treorĂș a lĂ©iriĂșchĂĄin insinte i dtreo rĂ©alachas cumhachtach a bhĂ­ measĂșil ar an meas mĂłr a bhĂ­ aige ar an gcineĂĄl sin bĂ©asa draĂ­ochta, atĂĄ lĂĄn de mhiotais agus finscĂ©alta, tipiciĂșil den rĂłmĂĄnsĂșil oiliĂșna a bhĂ­ sĂ© i gcĂłnaĂ­.

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